What is Abdominal Pain?

Abdominal pain, a common complaint among individuals, can manifest in numerous forms, from mild discomfort to severe cramps. The symptoms associated with abdominal pain include a range of conditions like belly aches, intestinal cramps, and upper stomach pain, pointing to the diversity in its potential causes and presentations. Sub-symptoms further categorize the pain, offering a glimpse into the complexity of diagnosing and treating abdominal discomfort. This variety underscores the importance of understanding the specific nature of abdominal pain for effective management and treatment.

How Does TCM View Abdominal Pain?

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) approaches abdominal pain with a holistic lens, focusing on the underlying imbalances within the body's energy system. TCM suggests that pain is a manifestation of disharmony among the body's vital energies, identifying specific patterns of this disharmony is essential for treatment.

This approach contrasts with Western medicine by emphasizing the restoration of balance through natural methods and personalized treatments. Identifying the root cause, or pattern, is crucial as it informs the selection of herbs, formulas, and acupuncture points used to alleviate the pain.

Root Causes of Abdominal Pain in TCM

In TCM, abdominal pain is often attributed to various patterns of disharmony, such as Heat and Qi Stagnation. Heat patterns, including Damp-Heat invading the Spleen and Toxic-Heat, manifest symptoms like malodorous diarrhea, fever, and abdominal discomfort, indicating an excess of heat within the body.

Conversely, Qi Stagnation reflects blocked or irregular energy flow, causing symptoms like abdominal distention and mood swings. Understanding these patterns allows practitioners to tailor treatments that address the specific type of imbalance, offering a more nuanced approach to alleviating abdominal pain.

Explore below more details about what might cause Abdominal pain according to TCM.

  • By Syndrome
  • By Organ
  • Heat
  • Cold
  • Blood Stasis
Detailed description of the cause

Heat

In TCM "Heat" signifies an excess of Yang energy, leading to an imbalance where heat predominates over the body's cool Yin aspects. This condition is metaphorically akin to an internal over-heating. Symptoms indicative of Heat can include feelings of warmth, fever, sweating, irritability, red face, thirst with a preference for cold drinks, and a rapid pulse. The tongue may appear red with a yellow coating. Unlike the common interpretation of heat in terms of temperature, in TCM, it represents a state of hyperactivity or inflammation in the body.... see more

Heat Patterns That Can Lead to Abdominal Pain

Common Symptoms: Feeling Of Heat Thirst Bitter Taste In The Mouth Scanty And Dark Urine Fever Constipation Irritability Restlessness

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Damp-Heat invading the Spleen Abdominal and epigastric pain, Loss of appetite, Feeling of heaviness, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Nausea or vomiting, Malodorous diarrhea, Anal burning, Feeling of heat, Scanty and dark urine, Low grade fever, Dull headache, Dull yellow complexion, Yellow sclera, Oily sweat, Itchy rashes, Bitter taste in the mouth, Upper abdominal fullness, Upper abdominal pain... see more Lian Po Yin
Toxic-Heat Abdominal pain, Fever, Edema, Pus and discharge, Boils, Carbuncles, Pustule, Red skin eruptions, Sore throat, Eczema, Perineum swollen, Prostate swollen, Testicular swelling, Mouth ulcers, Tonsil swelling... see more Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin
Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines Abdominal pain, Afternoon fever, Excessive sweating, Sweating on limbs, Abdominal fullness, Constipation, Dry stools, Thirst, Dark urine, Anal burning, Irritability, Delirium... see more Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang | Xiao Cheng Qi Tang
Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine Abdominal pain, Abdominal fullness, Diarrhea, Hematochezia, Mucous in feces, Smelly stools, Anal burning, Scanty and dark urine, Fever, Excessive sweating, Feeling of heat, Thirst, Feeling of heaviness... see more Ge Geng Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang | Shao Yao Tang
Heat in the Blood Abdominal pain, Feeling of heat, Red skin eruptions, Thirst, Frequent bleeding, Bloody sputum, Hematochezia, Hematuria, Vomiting blood, Cough of blood, Nosebleeds, Excessive menstruation... see more Jia Wei Xiao Yao San | Qing Jing San | Long Dan Xie Gan Tang | Liang Di Tang | Di Gu Pi Yin
Full-Heat in the Small Intestine Abdominal pain, Restlessness, Insomnia, Tongue ulcers, Mouth ulcers, Throat pain, Deafness, Cardiac burning sensation, Craving for cold beverages, Scanty and dark urine, Hematuria, Urinary burning... see more Dao Chi San
Heat in Lessor Yang Abdominal pain, Burning abdominal pain, Fever, Bitter taste in the mouth, Diarrhea, Sticky taste in the mouth, Malodorous diarrhea, Anal irritation, Upper abdominal burning pain, Tenesmus... see more Huang Qin Tang
Stagnant Liver Qi turning into Fire Abdominal pain, Hypochondriac distention, Upper abdominal distension, Stifling sensation in the chest, Irritability, Melancholia, Depression, Mood swings, Globus sensation, Feeling of heat, Flushed face, Thirst, Anger, Pre menstrual tension, Irregular periods, Pre menstrual breast distension, Excessive menstruation... see more Jia Wei Xiao Yao San | Xuan Yu Tong Jing Tang
Damp-Heat Lower abdominal pain, Fever, Neck gland swelling, Headaches, Tight feeling in chest and stomach, Sticky taste in the mouth, Absence of thirst, Feeling of heat, Feeling of heaviness, Bitter taste in the mouth, Acne... see more Xiao Yao San | Er Miao San | Qing Re Tiao Xue Tang
Damp-Heat in the Stomach Epigastric pain, Upper abdominal pain, Upper abdominal fullness, Feeling of heaviness, Face pain, Congested nose, Thick nasal discharge, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Nausea, Feeling of heat, Dull yellow complexion, Sticky taste in the mouth... see more Lian Po Yin | Ge Hua Jie Cheng San
Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs Epigastric pain, Coughing, Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Stifling sensation in the chest, Sputum, Feeling of heat, Thirst, Head and body heaviness, Dizziness, Copious thick yellow sputum... see more Xiao Xian Xiong Tang
Stomach Heat or Fire Burning epigastric pain, Upper abdominal burning pain, Excessive thirst, Craving for cold beverages, Restlessness, Dry stools, Dry mouth, Mouth ulcers, Acid reflux, Nausea, Vomiting after eating, Excessive hunger, Bad breath, Feeling of heat, Acne... see more Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang | Fei Er Wan | Qing Wei San | Xie Huang San | Hua Ban Tang
Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner Lower abdominal pain, Scanty and yellow urine, Lower back pain, Weakness of lower extremities, Red and swollen feet, Swollen knee, Thick greasy vaginal secretions, Ulcers on the lower limbs, Scanty and dark urine, Painful urination, Dry mouth... see more Ba Zheng San
Heat and Blood Stagnation in the Lower Burner Lower abdominal pain, Nighttime fever, Incoherent or confused speech, Irritability, Restlessness, Thirst, Amenorrhea, Menstrual cramps, Uterine fibroids, Retained placenta, Prolonged lochia... see more Tao He Cheng Qi Tang
Liver Qi Stagnation that transforms into Heat Intermittent epigastric pain, Intermittent upper abdominal pain, Hernia-Related pain, Dysmenorrhea exacerbated by hot food or drinks, Irritability, Bitter taste in the mouth, Peptic ulcer, Chronic gastritis, Hepatitis, Cholecystitis... see more Jin Ling Zi San

TCM Herbal Formulas for Abdominal Pain

For addressing Heat patterns such as Damp-Heat in the Spleen, formulas like Lian Po Yin, containing Huang Lian, are recommended to clear Heat and dry Dampness. Toxic-Heat symptoms are treated with Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin, leveraging Jin Yin Hua's properties to clear Heat and relieve Toxicity.

For Qi Stagnation, Chai Hu Shu Gan San is used to promote Qi movement and alleviate discomfort. Each formula is selected based on the underlying pattern, demonstrating TCM's individualized approach to treatment.

Explore below some TCM herbal formulas used to address abdominal pain, organized by cause and by formula type.

  • By Cause
  • By Formula Type
  • Heat
  • Cold
  • Blood Stasis

All Formulas Recommended for Abdominal Pain Caused by Heat

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Jia Wei Xiao Yao San Heat in the Blood, Stagnant Liver Qi turning into Fire
Lian Po Yin Damp-Heat invading the Spleen, Damp-Heat in the Stomach
Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines, Stomach Heat or Fire
Xiao Yao San Damp-Heat
Jin Ling Zi San Liver Qi Stagnation that transforms into Heat
Fei Er Wan Stomach Heat or Fire
Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin Toxic-Heat
Xiao Cheng Qi Tang Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines
Ge Geng Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
Shao Yao Tang Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
Qing Jing San Heat in the Blood
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang Heat in the Blood
Liang Di Tang Heat in the Blood
Di Gu Pi Yin Heat in the Blood
Dao Chi San Full-Heat in the Small Intestine
Huang Qin Tang Heat in Lessor Yang
Xuan Yu Tong Jing Tang Stagnant Liver Qi turning into Fire
Ba Zheng San Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
Er Miao San Damp-Heat
Qing Re Tiao Xue Tang Damp-Heat
Tao He Cheng Qi Tang Heat and Blood Stagnation in the Lower Burner
Ge Hua Jie Cheng San Damp-Heat in the Stomach
Xiao Xian Xiong Tang Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Qing Wei San Stomach Heat or Fire
Xie Huang San Stomach Heat or Fire
Hua Ban Tang Stomach Heat or Fire

Acupoints for Abdominal Pain

TCM also utilizes acupuncture to treat abdominal pain, targeting specific points along the meridians that correspond to the underlying disharmony. For Spleen Qi Deficiency, points such as Daheng SP-15 are used to strengthen the Spleen. Quchi LI-11 is employed for its Heat-clearing properties, addressing issues of Heat. These acupoints, when stimulated, can help regulate Qi flow, alleviate pain, and address the root cause of abdominal discomfort, providing a complementary approach to herbal treatments.

Explore below some acupoints used to address abdominal pain, organized by meridian.

  • By Meridian
  • Stomach Channel
  • Kidney Channel
  • Spleen Channel
Burong ST-19

Burong ST-19

2 cun below the sternocostal angel and 6 cun above the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.

Chengman ST-20

Chengman ST-20

5 cun above the umbilicus and 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline, or 1 cun below Burong ST-19.

Liangmen ST-21

Liangmen ST-21

4 cun above the umbilicus and 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.

Guanmen ST-22

Guanmen ST-22

3 cun above the umbilicus and 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.

Taiyi ST-23

Taiyi ST-23

2 cun above the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.

Huaroumen ST-24

Huaroumen ST-24

1 cun above the umbilicus and 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.

Tianshu ST-25

Tianshu ST-25

2 cun lateral to the center of the umbilicus.

Wailing ST-26

Wailing ST-26

1 cun below the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.

Daju ST-27

Daju ST-27

2 cun below the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.

Shuidao ST-28

Shuidao ST-28

3 cun below the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to anterior midline.

Qichong ST-30

Qichong ST-30

5 cun below the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline, superior to the inguinal groove, on the medial side of the femoral artery, nerve and vein.

Yinshi ST-33

Yinshi ST-33

3 cun above the upper-lateral border of the patella, on a line between the lateral patellar border and the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).

Liangqiu ST-34

Liangqiu ST-34

2 cun above the upper-lateral border of the patella, on a line between the upper lateral patellar border and the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).

Zusanli ST-36

Zusanli ST-36

3 cun below Dubi ST-35, one finger breadth lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia, on the tibialis anterior muscle.

Shangjuxu ST-37

Shangjuxu ST-37

6 cun below Dubi ST-35, on finger-breadth from the anterior crest of the tibia.

Xiajuxu ST-39

Xiajuxu ST-39

9 cun below Dubi ST-35, about one middle finger-width lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia.

Jiexi ST-41

Jiexi ST-41

At the junction of the dorsum of the foot and leg, between the tendons of extensor digitorum and the extensor hallucis longus muscle. Approximately at the level of the tip of the external malleolus.

Chongyang ST-42

Chongyang ST-42

Distal to Jiexi ST-41, at the highest point of the dorsum of foot, between the tendons of the extensor hallucis longus and the extensor digitorum longus, directly lateral to the point where the dorsalis pedis artery may be palpated. The point is bordered proximally by the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal bones and distally by the 2nd and 3rd cuneiform bones.

Xiangu ST-43

Xiangu ST-43

On the dorsum of the foot, in the depression between the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal bones, at the level of the junction of the shafts and the heads of these metatarsal bones.

Neiting ST-44

Neiting ST-44

Between the 2nd and the 3rd toes, proximal to the interdigital fold.

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