Chinese: 四君子汤
Pinyin: Sì Jūn Zǐ Tāng
Other names: Four Gentlemen Decoction
Chinese: 四君子汤
Pinyin: Sì Jūn Zǐ Tāng
Other names: Four Gentlemen Decoction
Number of ingredients: 4 herbs
Formula category: Formulas that tonify Qi
Conditions for which it may be prescribed: AnemiaNosebleedNeutropenia and four other conditions
Contraindications: The long-term use of this formula may result in a dry mouth, thirst, and... The long-term use of this formula may result in a dry mouth, thirst, and irritability. see more
Source date: 1107 AD
Source book: Formulary of the Pharmacy Service for Benefiting the People in the Taiping Era
The information provided here is not a replacement for a doctor. You shouldn't use it for the purpose of self-diagnosing or self-medicating but rather so you can have a more informed discussion with a professional TCM practitioner.
Si Jun Zi Tang is a 4-ingredient Chinese Medicine formula with Ginseng (Ren Shen) as a principal ingredient.
Invented in 1107 AD, it belongs to the category of formulas that tonify Qi. Its main actions are: 1) tonifies Qi and 2) strengthens the Spleen and Stomach.
In Chinese Medicine health conditions are thought to arise due to "disharmonies" in the body as a system. These disharmonies are called "patterns" and the very purpose of herbal formulas is to fight them in order to restore the body's harmony.
In this case Si Jun Zi Tang is used by TCM practitioners to fight patterns like Qi Deficiency, Stomach Qi Deficiency or Spleen and Lung Qi Deficiency. From a Western Medicine standpoint, such patterns can give rise to a range of conditions such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers or irritable bowel syndrome for instance.
On this page, after a detailed description of each of the four ingredients in Si Jun Zi Tang, we review the patterns and conditions that Si Jun Zi Tang helps treat.
Ren Shen is a king ingredient in Si Jun Zi Tang. Like the name indicates, it means it has more power than other ingredients in the formula.
Part used: Dried root
Nature: Warm
Meridian affinity: HeartLungSpleen
Category: Tonic herbs for Qi Deficiency
Ren Shen is a a powerful tonic for the Spleen Qi. Today however it is often substituted for Codonopsis root (Dang Shen), which plays a similar role and is significantly less expensive.
Bai Zhu is a deputy ingredient in Si Jun Zi Tang. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.
Part used: Dried rhizome
Nature: Warm
Meridian affinity: SpleenStomach
Category: Tonic herbs for Qi Deficiency
In general Bai Zhu's main actions are as follows: "Tonifies the Spleen Qi. Fortifies the Spleen Yang and dispels Damp through urination. Tonifies Qi and stops sweating. Calms restless fetus when due to Deficiency of Spleen Qi."
In the context of Si Jun Zi Tang, it is used because it strengthens the Spleen and dries Dampness.
Fu Ling is an assistant ingredient in Si Jun Zi Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.
Part used: Dried sclerotium
Nature: Neutral
Taste(s): Sweet
Meridian affinity: HeartKidneyLungSpleen
Category: Herbs that drain Dampness
In general Fu Ling's main actions are as follows: "Encourages urination and drains Dampness. Tonic to the Spleen/Stomach. Assists the Heart and calms the Spirit."
In the context of Si Jun Zi Tang, it is used because it removes Dampness and assists Ginseng and Codonopsis root in strengthening the Spleen. .
Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Si Jun Zi Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.
Part used: Dried root and rhizome
Nature: Neutral
Taste(s): Sweet
Meridian affinity: HeartLungSpleenStomach
Category: Tonic herbs for Qi Deficiency
In general Gan Cao's main actions are as follows: "Tonifies the Basal Qi and nourishes the Spleen Qi. Clears Heat and dispels toxicity. Moistens the Lungsexpel phlegm and stop coughing. Relieves spasms and alleviates pain. Harmonizes and moderates the effects of other herbs."
In the context of Si Jun Zi Tang, it is used because it warms and regulates the Middle Burner and moderates the draining property of Poria-cocos mushrooms.
It's important to remember that herbal formulas are meant to treat patterns, not "diseases" as understood in Western Medicine. According to Chinese Medicine patterns, which are disruptions to the body as a system, are the underlying root cause for diseases and conditions.
As such Si Jun Zi Tang is used by TCM practitioners to treat eight different patterns which we describe below.
But before we delve into these patterns here is an overview of the Western conditions they're commonly associated with:
Chronic gastritis Peptic ulcers Irritable bowel syndrome Chronic hepatitis Nosebleed Anemia Neutropenia
Again it wouldn't be correct to say "Si Jun Zi Tang treats chronic gastritis" for instance. Rather, Si Jun Zi Tang is used to treat patterns that are sometimes the root cause behind chronic gastritis.
Now let's look at the eight patterns commonly treated with Si Jun Zi Tang.
Qi is one of Chinese Medicine's vital subtances. Learn more about Qi in Chinese Medicine
Pulse type(s): Empty (Xu), Weak (Ruo)
Tongue color: Pale
Symptoms: Fatigue Coughing Dizziness Tiredness Weak voice Amenorrhea Weak limbs Cold limbs Low energy Weak knees Empty pulse Listlessness Loose stools Palpitations Poor appetite Spermatorrhea Weak lower back General weakness Prolonged menses Daytime sweating Aversion to speak Frequent urination Pale color periods Shortness of breath Shallow respiration Spontaneous sweating Pale menstrual blood Frequent Colds or Flu Thin and watery periods Pale bright face that is puffy or bloated
Si Jun Zi Tang is sometimes prescribed by TCM practitioners to treat Qi Deficiency. This pattern leads to symptoms such as general weakness, weak voice, fatigue and listlessness. Patients with Qi Deficiency typically exhibit empty (Xu) or weak (Ruo) pulses as well as Pale tongue.
When Qi is Deficient, it typically appears as tiredness or weakness in the body. Since Qi is lacking, it is unable to perform any of its functions. Some of the symptoms for Qi Deficiency also commonly apply for other conditions.
This may apply to any of the different types of Qi, including the Qi... read more about Qi Deficiency
The Stomach is a so-called "Fu" Organ. Learn more about the Stomach in Chinese Medicine
Pulse type(s): Empty (Xu)
Tongue color: Pale
Symptoms: Weak Limbs Loose stools Poor appetite Lack of taste Epigastrium discomfort Tiredness in the morning
Si Jun Zi Tang is sometimes prescribed by TCM practitioners to treat Stomach Qi Deficiency. This pattern leads to symptoms such as tiredness in the morning, poor appetite, loose stools and weak limbs. Patients with Stomach Qi Deficiency typically exhibit empty (Xu) pulses as well as Pale tongue.
Stomach Qi Deficiency is one of the most commonly seen patterns in TCM practices and it is also a very typical cause of chronic fatigue, a very contemporary condition!
The Stomach is the origin of Post-Heaven Qi since it starts the Qi creating process by receiving ingested food and drinks and then... read more about Stomach Qi Deficiency
The Spleen is a so-called "Zang" Organ. Learn more about the Spleen in Chinese Medicine
Pulse type(s): Empty (Xu)
Symptoms: Obesity Coughing Tiredness Lassitude Weak Limbs Weak voice Loose stools Poor appetite Pale complexion Aversion to cold Shortness of breath Dislike of speaking Spontaneous sweating Frequent Colds or Flu Slight abdominal distention after eating
Si Jun Zi Tang is sometimes prescribed by TCM practitioners to treat Spleen and Lung Qi Deficiency. This pattern leads to symptoms such as poor appetite, slight abdominal distention after eating, tiredness and lassitude. Patients with Spleen and Lung Qi Deficiency typically exhibit empty (Xu) pulses.
The Spleen and the Lungs are both involved in the production of Qi. They're respectively the source of Grain Qi and Clean Air which merge together to make Gathering Qi (also called True Qi). As such they have a strong inter dependence and influence over each other.
There is a saying in Chinese... read more about Spleen and Lung Qi Deficiency
The Heart is a so-called "Zang" Organ. Learn more about the Heart in Chinese Medicine
Pulse type(s): Empty (Xu)
Symptoms: Coughing Tiredness Weak voice Depression Palpitations Pale complexion Frequent sighing Aversion to speak Shortness of breath Spontaneous sweating Frequent Colds or Flu
Si Jun Zi Tang is sometimes prescribed by TCM practitioners to treat Lung and Heart Qi Deficiency. This pattern leads to symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, weak voice and aversion to speak. Patients with Lung and Heart Qi Deficiency typically exhibit empty (Xu) pulses.
In terms of typical manifestations, Heart Qi Deficiency and Lung Qi Deficiency share many common ones such as spontaneous sweating, fatigue and pale face. The combined Deficiency of both Organs is quite common to be seen as a result of emotional stress such as sadness, grief and worry.
Other than... read more about Lung and Heart Qi Deficiency
The Spleen is a so-called "Zang" Organ. Learn more about the Spleen in Chinese Medicine
Pulse type(s): Empty (Xu)
Symptoms: Tiredness Lassitude Weak Limbs Loose stools Poor appetite Lack of taste Pale complexion Epigastrium discomfort Slight abdominal distension after eating
Si Jun Zi Tang is sometimes prescribed by TCM practitioners to treat Stomach and Spleen Qi Deficiency. This pattern leads to symptoms such as poor appetite, slight abdominal distension after eating, tiredness and lassitude. Patients with Stomach and Spleen Qi Deficiency typically exhibit empty (Xu) pulses.
It's very common for Stomach Qi Deficiency to be paired with Spleen Qi Deficiency since both Organs are so closely intertwined. The Stomach receives food and then sends the pure portion to the Spleen. Together they rule transportation of food essences.
Since they're the root of Grain Qi for the... read more about Stomach and Spleen Qi Deficiency
The Lungs is a so-called "Zang" Organ. Learn more about the Lungs in Chinese Medicine
Pulse type(s): Slow (Chi), Slowed-down (Huan), Wiry (Xian)
Symptoms: Fatigue Wheezing No thirst Cold limbs Weak voice Poor appetite Pale complexion Frequent urination Shortness of breath Spontaneous sweating Frequent Colds or Flu Coughing with copious clear thin sputum
Si Jun Zi Tang is sometimes prescribed by TCM practitioners to treat Lung Yang Deficiency. This pattern leads to symptoms such as coughing with copious clear thin sputum, cold limbs, spontaneous sweating and frequent colds or flu. Patients with Lung Yang Deficiency typically exhibit slow (Chi), slowed-down (Huan) or wiry (Xian) pulses.
The general symptom of Lung Yang Deficiency is coughing and wheezing with profuse sputum, but the sputum is thin and watery. There is also Cold characters such as cold limbs and back, feeling of cold and easy to get cold or flu. It is because the lacking of Yang fails to warm the body.
If this... read more about Lung Yang Deficiency
The Lungs is a so-called "Zang" Organ. Learn more about the Lungs in Chinese Medicine
Pulse type(s): Empty (Xu)
Tongue color: Pale
Symptoms: Coughing Pale face Tiredness Weak voice Low energy Aversion to cold Aversion to speak Shortness of breath Propensity to catch colds Spontaneous daytime sweating
Si Jun Zi Tang is sometimes prescribed by TCM practitioners to treat Lung Qi Deficiency. This pattern leads to symptoms such as spontaneous daytime sweating, aversion to speak, shortness of breath and coughing. Patients with Lung Qi Deficiency typically exhibit empty (Xu) pulses as well as Pale or normal color tongue.
The Lungs govern Qi and respiration. Therefore there will be shortness of breath and coughing in case of Lung Qi Deficiency. However the condition is not severe as it is mostly on exertion and not full-blown symptoms of bronchitis or asthma.
Symptoms like coughing can also appear if Lungs' Qi... read more about Lung Qi Deficiency
The Spleen is a so-called "Zang" Organ. Learn more about the Spleen in Chinese Medicine
Pulse type(s): Empty (Xu)
Tongue color: Pale
Symptoms: Gas Obesity Fatigue Bloating Lassitude Pale face Overweight Weak Limbs Weak voice Loose stools Poor appetite Poor digestion Pale complexion Desire to lie down Swollen complexion Slight abdominal pain Weakness in the limbs Slight abdominal distension after eating
Si Jun Zi Tang is sometimes prescribed by TCM practitioners to treat Spleen Qi Deficiency. This pattern leads to symptoms such as slight abdominal distension after eating, lassitude, desire to lie down and slight abdominal pain. Patients with Spleen Qi Deficiency typically exhibit empty (Xu) pulses as well as Pale or normal tongue with thin white coating. Possible swollen with tooth marks on sides and transverse cracks.
Spleen Qi Deficiency is one of the most commonly seen disharmony. The three most common causes for this pattern are unhealthy diet, emotional stress and mental-excertion as they can largely harm the transformation and transportation function of the Spleen. This pattern gives rise to various... read more about Spleen Qi Deficiency
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