What is Insomnia?

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both, leading to impaired daytime functioning. It can manifest as restless sleep, frequent waking during the night, and trouble returning to sleep once awake. Insomnia affects a person's overall health and quality of life, contributing to fatigue, mood disturbances, and decreased productivity. It's a condition that can be transient or chronic, with various underlying causes ranging from lifestyle factors to psychological stress.

How does TCM view Insomnia?

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), insomnia is viewed as a symptom of an underlying imbalance within the body's energy system. Contrasting with the Western medical approach that often focuses on psychological and environmental factors, TCM sees insomnia as a manifestation of disharmony in Qi (vital energy), Blood, Yin, Yang, and organ systems. TCM practitioners aim to identify and correct these imbalances through holistic treatments, addressing the root causes of insomnia.

Root Causes of Insomnia in TCM

TCM recognizes several patterns that can lead to insomnia. One significant cause is Heat, where conditions like Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency create an internal environment that disrupts sleep. Symptoms accompanying this pattern include night sweats, a sensation of heat, and dryness.

Another common TCM pattern is Blood Deficiency, where insufficient Blood fails to nourish the Heart, leading to symptoms like dizziness and poor memory, alongside insomnia. TCM also identifies Yin Deficiency and Wind as contributing factors, where a lack of nourishing Yin or internal movement of Wind can disturb the mind, resulting in sleeplessness.

Explore below more details about what might cause Insomnia according to TCM.

  • By Syndrome
  • By Organ
  • Heat
  • Blood Deficiency
  • Yin Deficiency
Detailed description of the cause

Heat

In TCM "Heat" signifies an excess of Yang energy, leading to an imbalance where heat predominates over the body's cool Yin aspects. This condition is metaphorically akin to an internal over-heating. Symptoms indicative of Heat can include feelings of warmth, fever, sweating, irritability, red face, thirst with a preference for cold drinks, and a rapid pulse. The tongue may appear red with a yellow coating. Unlike the common interpretation of heat in terms of temperature, in TCM, it represents a state of hyperactivity or inflammation in the body.... see more

Heat Patterns That Can Lead to Insomnia

Common Symptoms: Restlessness Thirst Anxiety Flushed Face Bitter Taste In The Mouth Night Sweats Dizziness Feeling Of Heat

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency Insomnia, Insomnia with very restless sleep, Afternoon heat sensation, Dry mouth, Preference for sipping, Dry mouth and throat at night, Night sweats, Cardiac burning sensation, Hot palms and soles, Dry stools, Scanty and dark urine, Flushed cheekbones... see more Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan | Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang | Huang Lian E Jiao Tang | Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang | Suan Zao Ren Tang
Full-Heat in the Small Intestine Insomnia, Restlessness, Tongue ulcers, Mouth ulcers, Throat pain, Deafness, Cardiac burning sensation, Abdominal pain, Craving for cold beverages, Scanty and dark urine, Hematuria, Urinary burning... see more Dao Chi San
Heart Fire blazing Insomnia, Palpitations, Thirst, Mouth ulcers, Tongue ulcers, Restlessness, Anxiety, Feeling of heat, Flushed face, Hematuria, Dark urine, Bitter taste in the mouth... see more Xie Xin Tang | Zi Xue Dan | Qing Xin Lian Zi Yin | Liang Ge San
Heat in Nutritive Qi level Insomnia, Nighttime fever, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Restlessness, Delirium, Incoherent or confused speech, Aphasia, Macules... see more Qing Ying Tang | Bai He Di Huang Tang
Heat in the Blood Insomnia, Feeling of heat, Red skin eruptions, Thirst, Frequent bleeding, Bloody sputum, Hematochezia, Hematuria, Vomiting blood, Cough of blood, Nosebleeds, Excessive menstruation... see more Qing Ying Tang | Bai He Di Huang Tang | Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang | Gu Jing Wan | Shi Hui San | Hua Ban Tang | Qing Re Gu Jing Tang
Kidney Yin Deficiency With Empty-Heat Blazing Insomnia, Flushed cheekbones, Restlessness, Night sweats, Low grade fever in the afternoon, Heat sensation in palms, Afternoon heat sensation, Evening heat sensation, Scanty and dark urine, Hematuria, Dry throat, Preference for sipping, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Hearing loss, Lower back pain, Nocturnal emission, Hypersexuality, Dry stools... see more Liu Wei Di Huang Wan | Zhi Bo Di Huang Wan
Lesser Yin Heat Transformation Insomnia, Feeling of heat, Irritability, Dry mouth and throat at night, Dark urine, Night sweats... see more Huang Lian E Jiao Tang
Pericardium Fire Insomnia, Palpitations, Stifling sensation in the chest, Bitter taste in the mouth, Thirst, Mouth ulcers, Tongue ulcers, Cardiac burning sensation, Rapid breath, Restlessness, Anxiety, Feeling of heat, Vivid dreaming, Excessive menstruation... see more Xie Xin Tang | Zi Xue Dan
Phlegm Fire harassing the Pericardium Insomnia, Palpitations, Flushed face, Bitter taste in the mouth, Noisy breathing, Restlessness, Vivid dreaming, Anxiety, Incoherent or confused speech, Confusion, Rash behaviour, Uncontrolled laughing or crying, Verbal aggression, Talking to oneself, Depression, Dull shallow face, Aggression, Stifling sensation in the chest, Chest pain, Rapid breath... see more Huang Lian Wen Dan Tang | Wen Dan Tang | Zhi Bao Dan | Hui Chun Dan
Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart Insomnia, Palpitations, Flushed face, Bitter taste in the mouth, Noisy breathing, Restlessness, Vivid dreaming, Anxiety, Incoherent or confused speech, Confusion, Rash behaviour, Uncontrolled laughing or crying, Verbal aggression, Talking to oneself, Depression, Dull shallow face, Aggression... see more Huang Lian Wen Dan Tang | Wen Dan Tang | Sheng Tie Luo Yin
Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs Insomnia, Coughing, Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Stifling sensation in the chest, Sputum, Feeling of heat, Thirst, Head and body heaviness, Dizziness, Copious thick yellow sputum... see more Wen Dan Tang | Qing Qi Hua Tan Wan | Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang | Er Chen Tang | Qing Xin Li Ge Tang | Ren Shen Ge Jie San | Pi Pa Qing Fei Yin
Stagnant Liver Qi turning into Fire Insomnia, Hypochondriac distention, Upper abdominal distension, Stifling sensation in the chest, Irritability, Melancholia, Depression, Mood swings, Globus sensation, Feeling of heat, Flushed face, Thirst, Anger, Pre menstrual tension, Irregular periods, Pre menstrual breast distension, Excessive menstruation... see more Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San | Long Dan Xie Gan Tang
Wind Cold with Internal Heat Insomnia, High fever, Severe chills, Lack of sweating, Headaches, Feeling of heaviness, General sensation of tightness, Flushed face, Eye hyperemia, Dry nose, Thirst, Irritability, Cough of blood, Mottled skin... see more Shi Gao Tang
Empty-Heat caused by Yin Deficiency Insomnia, Nighttime fever, Emaciation, Chronic pyelonephritis, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Renal tuberculosis, Tidal fever, Hot palms and soles, Red skin eruptions, Night sweats, Generalized fatigue... see more Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang
Disharmony between Heart and Kidneys Insomnia, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Palpitations, Poor memory, Lower back pain, Knee pain, Night sweats, Constipation, Menopausal hot flashes, Blurry vision... see more Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan | Liu Wei Di Huang Wan
Damp-Heat in the Liver Channel Insomnia, Vulvar itching, Yellow vaginal discharge, Painful intercourse, Restlessness, Irritability, Dark urine, Excessive vaginal discharge, Foul-Smelling vaginal discharge, Sticky vaginal discharge, Vaginal itching... see more Long Dan Xie Gan Tang

TCM Herbal Formulas for Insomnia

In treating insomnia, TCM employs various formulas based on the identified patterns. For Heat-related insomnia, formulas like Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan, which nourishes the Heart and calms the mind, are used. This formula includes herbs like Unprepared Rehmannia to cool the Blood.

For Blood Deficiency patterns, formulas like Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang and Gui Pi Tang, which tonify Qi and Blood, are recommended. These treatments aim to restore balance within the body, addressing the specific imbalances causing insomnia.

Explore below some TCM herbal formulas used to address insomnia, organized by cause and by formula type.

  • By Cause
  • By Formula Type
  • Heat
  • Blood Deficiency
  • Yin Deficiency

All Formulas Recommended for Insomnia Caused by Heat

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Wen Dan Tang Phlegm Fire harassing the Pericardium, Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart, Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs... see more
Liu Wei Di Huang Wan Kidney Yin Deficiency With Empty-Heat Blazing, Disharmony between Heart and Kidneys... see more
Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency, Disharmony between Heart and Kidneys... see more
Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency, Empty-Heat caused by Yin Deficiency
Huang Lian E Jiao Tang Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency, Lesser Yin Heat Transformation
Xie Xin Tang Heart Fire blazing, Pericardium Fire
Zi Xue Dan Heart Fire blazing, Pericardium Fire
Qing Ying Tang Heat in Nutritive Qi level, Heat in the Blood
Bai He Di Huang Tang Heat in Nutritive Qi level, Heat in the Blood
Huang Lian Wen Dan Tang Phlegm Fire harassing the Pericardium, Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang Stagnant Liver Qi turning into Fire, Damp-Heat in the Liver Channel
Suan Zao Ren Tang Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency
Qing Xin Lian Zi Yin Heart Fire blazing
Zhi Bo Di Huang Wan Kidney Yin Deficiency With Empty-Heat Blazing
Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency
Dao Chi San Full-Heat in the Small Intestine
Liang Ge San Heart Fire blazing
Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang Heat in the Blood
Gu Jing Wan Heat in the Blood
Shi Hui San Heat in the Blood
Hua Ban Tang Heat in the Blood
Qing Re Gu Jing Tang Heat in the Blood
Zhi Bao Dan Phlegm Fire harassing the Pericardium
Hui Chun Dan Phlegm Fire harassing the Pericardium
Sheng Tie Luo Yin Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
Qing Qi Hua Tan Wan Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Er Chen Tang Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Qing Xin Li Ge Tang Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Ren Shen Ge Jie San Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Pi Pa Qing Fei Yin Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San Stagnant Liver Qi turning into Fire
Shi Gao Tang Wind Cold with Internal Heat

Acupoints for Insomnia

Acupuncture is another key component of TCM treatment for insomnia. Acupoints like Gaohuangshu BL-43 and Hunmen BL-47 on the Bladder Channel are used for their actions in nourishing Lung Yin and resolving Liver Qi Stagnation, respectively. Points such as Daling P-7 and Laogong P-8 on the Pericardium Channel are chosen for their ability to calm the mind and clear Heart Fire.

AAdditionally, Sishengcong EX-HN-1 and Yintang EX-HN-3 are used for their mind-calming effects. These acupoints are selected based on their potential to target the underlying causes of insomnia, demonstrating TCM's comprehensive approach to treatment.

Explore below some acupoints used to address insomnia, organized by meridian.

  • By Meridian
  • Bladder Channel
  • Pericardium Channel
  • Extra Points: Head and Neck (EX-HN)
Jingming BL-1

Jingming BL-1

0.1 cun superior and medial to the inner canthus.

Xinshu BL-15

Xinshu BL-15

1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 5th thoracic vertebra (T5).

Gaohuangshu BL-43

Gaohuangshu BL-43

3 cun (about 4 finger-breadths) lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 4th thoracic vertebra (T4).

Shentang BL-44

Shentang BL-44

3 cun (about 4 finger-breadths) lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 5th thoracic vertebra (T5).

Hunmen BL-47

Hunmen BL-47

3 cun (about 4 finger-breadths) lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 9th thoracic vertebra (T9).

Shenmai BL-62

Shenmai BL-62

In the depression directly below the lateral malleolus tip.

Jinggu BL-64

Jinggu BL-64

On the lateral side of the foot dorsum, below the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone, at the border of the red and white skin.

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