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Symptom family: Nasal Disorders and Symptoms
Did you mean? Sinus Congestion
Nasal congestion, commonly referred to as a congested nose, involves the blockage of the nasal passages typically due to inflammation of the blood vessels in the sinuses. This inflammation can be triggered by infections such as the common cold, sinusitis, or allergies. When congested, the nose may feel stuffed or blocked, making breathing through the nose difficult. This condition not only affects breathing but can also impair sleep and sense of smell. Understanding the underlying causes of nasal congestion is crucial for effective treatment and relief.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) considers nasal congestion not merely as a localized irritation but as a manifestation of broader imbalances within the body’s energetic systems. According to TCM, congestion often results from the invasion of pathogenic factors such as Wind, Cold, or Dampness that disrupt the normal flow of Qi and Blood.
These disruptions can cause an accumulation of these elements in the nasal passages. Identifying the precise pattern of disharmony is vital, as it guides the approach to treatment, focusing on restoring balance and enhancing the flow of Qi and Blood to alleviate symptoms.
In TCM, two common patterns associated with nasal congestion include Wind-Cold-Damp invasion with Qi Deficiency and Damp-Heat in the Stomach. The former pattern, characterized by symptoms like high fever, stiff neck, and chest distension, indicates an external invasion that overwhelms the body's defensive Qi, leading to congestion.
The latter pattern involves an accumulation of Heat and Dampness that can manifest as thick nasal discharge and face pain, reflecting an internal imbalance. Addressing these patterns involves not only expelling the pathogenic factors but also strengthening the body’s Qi to resist further invasions.
Explore below more details about what might cause Congested nose according to TCM.
In TCM "Wind" is a concept that represents a pattern of disharmony, often characterized by its sudden and unpredictable nature, much like a gusty wind changing direction without warning. This pattern is associated with symptoms that come and go quickly or move around the body, such as itching, tremors, or even certain types of pain. Wind is considered to be a primary cause of illnesses that have these rapidly changing characteristics. In TCM, external Wind often refers to illnesses that start suddenly, like the common cold, believed to be caused by external pathogenic factors like climatic changes. On the other hand, internal Wind can be linked to internal imbalances and can manifest in conditions like dizziness or spasms. ... see more
Common Symptoms: Headaches Coughing Aversion To Cold Fever Sneezing Nasal Discharge Body Pain Chills
Pattern Name | Relevant Symptoms | Relevant Formulas |
---|---|---|
Wind-Cold-Damp invading with Qi Deficiency | Nasal congestion, High fever, Fever without perspiration, Headaches, Neck pain, Stiff neck, Painful extremities, Focal distention, Chest distension, Congested nose, Noisy breathing, Coughing... see more | Ren Shen Bai Du San |
Wind-Cold | Blocked nose, Aversion to cold, Fever, Sneezing, Coughing, Nasal discharge, Occipital headache, Occipital stiffness, Congested nose, White and watery sputum... see more | Jing Fang Bai Du San | Cong Chi Tang | Huo Ren Cong Shi Tang | Ma Huang Tang | Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang | Jia Wei Xiang Su San | Shi Shen Tang | Jin Fei Cao San | Wu Ji San |
Wind-Cold invading the Lungs | Blocked nose, Aversion to cold, Fever, Itchy throat, Shortness of breath, Congested nose, Nasal discharge, Sneezing, Headaches, Body pain, White and watery sputum, Coughing and wheezing with copious sputum... see more | Xin Yi San | Ma Huang Tang | Ge Gen Tang | Zhi Sou San |
Wind-Heat | Blocked nose, Aversion to cold, Fever, Sneezing, Coughing, Nasal discharge, Occipital stiffness, Occipital headache, Excessive sweating, Sore throat, Yellowish phlegm... see more | Cong Chi Tang | Huo Ren Cong Shi Tang | Yin Qiao San | Sang Ju Yin | Jing Jie Lian Qiao Tang | Zhu Ye Cheng Liu Tang | Xiao Feng San | Fang Feng Tong Sheng San | Bing Peng San | Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin |
Wind-Heat invading the Lungs | Blocked nose, Aversion to cold, Fever, Coughing, Sore throat, Congested nose, Nasal discharge, Copious thick yellow sputum, Sneezing, Headaches, Body pain, Thirst, Tonsil swelling... see more | Yin Qiao San |
In TCM "Cold" as a pattern of disharmony refers to a specific type of imbalance within the body's systems, often linked to a deficiency or weakness. It's not about feeling physically cold or having a common cold, but rather a metaphorical description of certain symptoms and underlying conditions. When a TCM practitioner says someone suffers from "Cold," it usually implies that the body's Yang energy, which is warm and active, is insufficient or overpowered by Yin energy, which is cool and passive. Symptoms of Cold in TCM can include a general feeling of coldness, cold limbs, pale complexion, low energy, slow metabolism, and a preference for warmth. ... see more
Common Symptoms: Headaches Coughing Aversion To Cold Fever Sneezing Nasal Discharge White And Watery Sputum Body Pain
Pattern Name | Relevant Symptoms | Relevant Formulas |
---|---|---|
Wind-Cold-Damp invading with Qi Deficiency | Nasal congestion, High fever, Fever without perspiration, Headaches, Neck pain, Stiff neck, Painful extremities, Focal distention, Chest distension, Congested nose, Noisy breathing, Coughing... see more | Ren Shen Bai Du San |
Wind-Cold | Blocked nose, Aversion to cold, Fever, Sneezing, Coughing, Nasal discharge, Occipital headache, Occipital stiffness, Congested nose, White and watery sputum... see more | Jing Fang Bai Du San | Cong Chi Tang | Huo Ren Cong Shi Tang | Ma Huang Tang | Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang | Jia Wei Xiang Su San | Shi Shen Tang | Jin Fei Cao San | Wu Ji San |
Wind-Cold invading the Lungs | Blocked nose, Aversion to cold, Fever, Itchy throat, Shortness of breath, Congested nose, Nasal discharge, Sneezing, Headaches, Body pain, White and watery sputum, Coughing and wheezing with copious sputum... see more | Xin Yi San | Ma Huang Tang | Ge Gen Tang | Zhi Sou San |
Exterior Dry Cold invading the Lungs | Stuffy nose, Headaches, Chills without sweating, Congested nose, Dry throat, Sputum, Dry cough, Common cold, Bronchitis, Emphysema, Upper respiratory tract infections... see more | Xing Su San |
In TCM "Heat" signifies an excess of Yang energy, leading to an imbalance where heat predominates over the body's cool Yin aspects. This condition is metaphorically akin to an internal over-heating. Symptoms indicative of Heat can include feelings of warmth, fever, sweating, irritability, red face, thirst with a preference for cold drinks, and a rapid pulse. The tongue may appear red with a yellow coating. Unlike the common interpretation of heat in terms of temperature, in TCM, it represents a state of hyperactivity or inflammation in the body.... see more
Common Symptoms: Aversion To Cold Fever Sneezing Coughing Nasal Discharge Sore Throat Headaches Tonsil Swelling
Pattern Name | Relevant Symptoms | Relevant Formulas |
---|---|---|
Damp-Heat in the Stomach | Blocked nose, Upper abdominal pain, Upper abdominal fullness, Feeling of heaviness, Face pain, Congested nose, Thick nasal discharge, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Nausea, Feeling of heat, Dull yellow complexion, Sticky taste in the mouth... see more | Lian Po Yin | Ge Hua Jie Cheng San |
Wind-Heat | Blocked nose, Aversion to cold, Fever, Sneezing, Coughing, Nasal discharge, Occipital stiffness, Occipital headache, Excessive sweating, Sore throat, Yellowish phlegm... see more | Cong Chi Tang | Huo Ren Cong Shi Tang | Yin Qiao San | Sang Ju Yin | Jing Jie Lian Qiao Tang | Zhu Ye Cheng Liu Tang | Xiao Feng San | Fang Feng Tong Sheng San | Bing Peng San | Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin |
Wind-Heat invading the Lungs | Blocked nose, Aversion to cold, Fever, Coughing, Sore throat, Congested nose, Nasal discharge, Copious thick yellow sputum, Sneezing, Headaches, Body pain, Thirst, Tonsil swelling... see more | Yin Qiao San |
"Dampness" in TCM is a concept that describes a pattern of disharmony where the body accumulates excess moisture. Imagine the heavy, sticky feeling you get on a very humid day; that's similar to what dampness feels like internally. It can manifest as a sense of heaviness, bloating, sluggishness, or even a foggy mind. This condition is often thought to arise from environmental factors like living in a damp place, dietary habits that promote moisture in the body, or internal imbalances that hinder the body's ability to process fluids properly. In TCM, dampness can obstruct the normal flow of energy and fluids in the body, leading to various symptoms.... see more
Common Symptoms: High Fever Fever Without Perspiration Headaches Neck Pain Stiff Neck Painful Extremities Focal Distention Chest Distension
Pattern Name | Relevant Symptoms | Relevant Formulas |
---|---|---|
Wind-Cold-Damp invading with Qi Deficiency | Nasal congestion, High fever, Fever without perspiration, Headaches, Neck pain, Stiff neck, Painful extremities, Focal distention, Chest distension, Congested nose, Noisy breathing, Coughing... see more | Ren Shen Bai Du San |
Damp-Heat in the Stomach | Blocked nose, Upper abdominal pain, Upper abdominal fullness, Feeling of heaviness, Face pain, Congested nose, Thick nasal discharge, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Nausea, Feeling of heat, Dull yellow complexion, Sticky taste in the mouth... see more | Lian Po Yin | Ge Hua Jie Cheng San |
Qi Deficiency in TCM is like running low on battery power. Qi is the vital energy that powers every function in your body. When there's a Qi Deficiency, it means your body doesn't have enough of this essential energy. This can make you feel tired all the time, weak, or even cause shortness of breath. It's similar to how you feel when you haven't had enough sleep or nutritious food. Your body just doesn't have the energy it needs to perform at its best. Unlike modern medicine, which often focuses on specific physical causes for fatigue and weakness, TCM views Qi Deficiency as an overall energy depletion that affects your entire well-being, and it seeks to replenish and balance this vital energy.... see more
Pattern Name | Relevant Symptoms | Relevant Formulas |
---|---|---|
Wind-Cold-Damp invading with Qi Deficiency | Nasal congestion, High fever, Fever without perspiration, Headaches, Neck pain, Stiff neck, Painful extremities, Focal distention, Chest distension, Congested nose, Noisy breathing, Coughing... see more | Ren Shen Bai Du San |
"Dryness" in TCM refers to a state where there is a lack of moisture in the body, much like how the land feels during a drought. It's a pattern of disharmony that can arise from external factors like dry weather or internal issues, such as insufficient fluid intake or certain lifestyle habits. When your body experiences this dryness, you might notice symptoms like dry skin, a scratchy throat, dry eyes, or even constipation. It's similar to the feeling of being parched or having dry, chapped lips in a very dry climate. TCM views this as an imbalance where the body's yin - often associated with moisture and cooling - is depleted.... see more
Pattern Name | Relevant Symptoms | Relevant Formulas |
---|---|---|
Exterior Dry Cold invading the Lungs | Stuffy nose, Headaches, Chills without sweating, Congested nose, Dry throat, Sputum, Dry cough, Common cold, Bronchitis, Emphysema, Upper respiratory tract infections... see more | Xing Su San |
In TCM the Lungs are seen as the organ responsible for controlling Qi and respiration, as well as being a key part of the body's defensive system. They are thought to maintain the balance and flow of air and moisture, and are closely linked to the skin and hair. When the Lungs are imbalanced or malfunctioning in TCM, it can lead to respiratory issues like coughing or asthma, a weakened immune system, dry skin, and emotional disturbances such as sadness or grief. These symptoms are believed to arise from disruptions in the Lungs' ability to regulate Qi and protect the body, highlighting their central role in maintaining overall health and well-being.... see more
Common Symptoms: Headaches Aversion To Cold Fever Nasal Discharge Sneezing Body Pain Itchy Throat Shortness Of Breath
Pattern Name | Relevant Symptoms | Relevant Formulas |
---|---|---|
Wind-Cold invading the Lungs | Blocked nose, Aversion to cold, Fever, Itchy throat, Shortness of breath, Congested nose, Nasal discharge, Sneezing, Headaches, Body pain, White and watery sputum, Coughing and wheezing with copious sputum... see more | Xin Yi San | Ma Huang Tang | Ge Gen Tang | Zhi Sou San |
Wind-Heat invading the Lungs | Blocked nose, Aversion to cold, Fever, Coughing, Sore throat, Congested nose, Nasal discharge, Copious thick yellow sputum, Sneezing, Headaches, Body pain, Thirst, Tonsil swelling... see more | Yin Qiao San |
Exterior Dry Cold invading the Lungs | Stuffy nose, Headaches, Chills without sweating, Congested nose, Dry throat, Sputum, Dry cough, Common cold, Bronchitis, Emphysema, Upper respiratory tract infections... see more | Xing Su San |
In TCM the Stomach is regarded as the "sea of nourishment," pivotal for digesting food and transforming it into Qi and blood. It works closely with the Spleen to distribute these essential nutrients throughout the body. When the Stomach is out of balance or malfunctions in TCM, it often leads to digestive problems such as bloating, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, or a feeling of fullness. There may also be issues like acid reflux or a sour taste in the mouth. Emotionally, an imbalanced Stomach can contribute to excessive worry and overthinking, reflecting the TCM belief that physical and emotional well-being are deeply interconnected.... see more
Pattern Name | Relevant Symptoms | Relevant Formulas |
---|---|---|
Damp-Heat in the Stomach | Blocked nose, Upper abdominal pain, Upper abdominal fullness, Feeling of heaviness, Face pain, Congested nose, Thick nasal discharge, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Nausea, Feeling of heat, Dull yellow complexion, Sticky taste in the mouth... see more | Lian Po Yin | Ge Hua Jie Cheng San |
To treat nasal congestion, TCM employs various formulas depending on the identified disharmony. For Wind-Cold-Damp patterns with Qi Deficiency, Ren Shen Bai Du San is recommended. This formula uses ingredients like Notopterygium Roots (Qiang Huo) to expel the external pathogens while boosting the Qi.
For congestion arising from Damp-Heat in the Stomach, Lian Po Yin, which includes Goldthread Rhizomes (Huang Lian), is used to clear Heat and resolve Dampness, thereby relieving the symptoms of congestion. These targeted treatments help to clear the nasal passages and restore normal respiratory function.
Explore below some TCM herbal formulas used to address congested nose, organized by cause and by formula type.
Suitable for Wind patterns that may cause congested nose, such as Wind-Cold or Wind-Heat
Learn moreFormula | Patterns Suitable For |
---|---|
Cong Chi Tang | Wind-Cold, Wind-Heat |
Huo Ren Cong Shi Tang | Wind-Cold, Wind-Heat |
Ma Huang Tang | Wind-Cold, Wind-Cold invading the Lungs |
Yin Qiao San | Wind-Heat, Wind-Heat invading the Lungs |
Ren Shen Bai Du San | Wind-Cold-Damp invading with Qi Deficiency |
Jing Fang Bai Du San | Wind-Cold |
Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang | Wind-Cold |
Jia Wei Xiang Su San | Wind-Cold |
Shi Shen Tang | Wind-Cold |
Jin Fei Cao San | Wind-Cold |
Wu Ji San | Wind-Cold |
Xin Yi San | Wind-Cold invading the Lungs |
Ge Gen Tang | Wind-Cold invading the Lungs |
Zhi Sou San | Wind-Cold invading the Lungs |
Sang Ju Yin | Wind-Heat |
Jing Jie Lian Qiao Tang | Wind-Heat |
Zhu Ye Cheng Liu Tang | Wind-Heat |
Xiao Feng San | Wind-Heat |
Fang Feng Tong Sheng San | Wind-Heat |
Bing Peng San | Wind-Heat |
Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin | Wind-Heat |
Suitable for Cold patterns that may cause congested nose, such as Wind-Cold or Wind-Cold invading the Lungs
Learn moreFormula | Patterns Suitable For |
---|---|
Ma Huang Tang | Wind-Cold, Wind-Cold invading the Lungs |
Cong Chi Tang | Wind-Cold |
Huo Ren Cong Shi Tang | Wind-Cold |
Ren Shen Bai Du San | Wind-Cold-Damp invading with Qi Deficiency |
Jing Fang Bai Du San | Wind-Cold |
Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang | Wind-Cold |
Jia Wei Xiang Su San | Wind-Cold |
Shi Shen Tang | Wind-Cold |
Jin Fei Cao San | Wind-Cold |
Wu Ji San | Wind-Cold |
Xin Yi San | Wind-Cold invading the Lungs |
Ge Gen Tang | Wind-Cold invading the Lungs |
Zhi Sou San | Wind-Cold invading the Lungs |
Xing Su San | Exterior Dry Cold invading the Lungs |
Suitable for Heat patterns that may cause congested nose, such as Wind-Heat or Wind-Heat invading the Lungs
Learn moreFormula | Patterns Suitable For |
---|---|
Yin Qiao San | Wind-Heat, Wind-Heat invading the Lungs |
Cong Chi Tang | Wind-Heat |
Huo Ren Cong Shi Tang | Wind-Heat |
Lian Po Yin | Damp-Heat in the Stomach |
Ge Hua Jie Cheng San | Damp-Heat in the Stomach |
Sang Ju Yin | Wind-Heat |
Jing Jie Lian Qiao Tang | Wind-Heat |
Zhu Ye Cheng Liu Tang | Wind-Heat |
Xiao Feng San | Wind-Heat |
Fang Feng Tong Sheng San | Wind-Heat |
Bing Peng San | Wind-Heat |
Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin | Wind-Heat |
Suitable for Dampness patterns that may cause congested nose, such as Wind-Cold-Damp invading with Qi Deficiency
Learn moreFormula | Patterns Suitable For |
---|---|
Ren Shen Bai Du San | Wind-Cold-Damp invading with Qi Deficiency |
Lian Po Yin | Damp-Heat in the Stomach |
Ge Hua Jie Cheng San | Damp-Heat in the Stomach |
Suitable for Qi Deficiency patterns that may cause congested nose, such as Wind-Cold-Damp invading with Qi Deficiency
Learn moreSuitable for Dryness patterns that may cause congested nose, such as Exterior Dry Cold invading the Lungs
Learn moreThese formulas are suitable for some congested nose-causing patterns like Wind-Heat or Wind-Heat invading the Lungs.
One such formula is Yin Qiao San, with honeysuckle flowers as a key herb.
Other formulas of this category are listed in the table below.
Formula | Patterns Suitable For (if applicable) |
---|---|
Yin Qiao San | Wind-Heat, Wind-Heat invading the Lungs |
Ren Shen Bai Du San | Wind-Cold-Damp invading with Qi Deficiency |
Jing Fang Bai Du San | Wind-Cold |
Bing Peng San | Wind-Heat |
These formulas are suitable for some congested nose-causing patterns like Wind-Cold or Wind-Cold invading the Lungs.
One such formula is Ma Huang Tang, with ephedra as a key herb.
Other formulas of this category are listed in the table below.
Formula | Patterns Suitable For (if applicable) |
---|---|
Ma Huang Tang | Wind-Cold, Wind-Cold invading the Lungs |
Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang | Wind-Cold |
Jia Wei Xiang Su San | Wind-Cold |
Shi Shen Tang | Wind-Cold |
Jin Fei Cao San | Wind-Cold |
Ge Gen Tang | Wind-Cold invading the Lungs |
These formulas are suitable for some congested nose-causing patterns like Wind-Cold invading the Lungs.
One such formula is Xin Yi San, with biond’s magnolia flowers as a key herb.
Other formulas of this category are listed in the table below.
Formula | Patterns Suitable For (if applicable) |
---|---|
Xin Yi San | Wind-Cold invading the Lungs |
Xiao Feng San | Wind-Heat |
These formulas are suitable for some congested nose-causing patterns like Wind-Cold or Wind-Heat.
One such formula is Cong Chi Tang, with scallions as a key herb.
Other formulas of this category are listed in the table below.
Formula | Patterns Suitable For (if applicable) |
---|---|
Cong Chi Tang | Wind-Cold, Wind-Heat |
Huo Ren Cong Shi Tang | Wind-Cold, Wind-Heat |
These formulas are suitable for some congested nose-causing patterns like Wind-Heat.
One such formula is Sang Ju Yin, with mulberry leaves as a key herb.
Other formulas of this category are listed in the table below.
Formula | Patterns Suitable For (if applicable) |
---|---|
Sang Ju Yin | Wind-Heat |
Jing Jie Lian Qiao Tang | Wind-Heat |
Zhu Ye Cheng Liu Tang | Wind-Heat |
These formulas are suitable for some congested nose-causing patterns like Damp-Heat in the Stomach.
One such formula is Lian Po Yin, with goldthread rhizome as a key herb.
These formulas are suitable for some congested nose-causing patterns like Damp-Heat in the Stomach.
One such formula is Ge Hua Jie Cheng San, with kudzu flower as a key herb.
These formulas are suitable for some congested nose-causing patterns like Wind-Cold invading the Lungs.
One such formula is Zhi Sou San, with aster root as a key herb.
These formulas are suitable for some congested nose-causing patterns like Wind-Heat.
One such formula is Fang Feng Tong Sheng San, with saposhnikovia root as a key herb.
These formulas are suitable for some congested nose-causing patterns like Wind-Heat.
One such formula is Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin, with baikal skullcap root as a key herb.
These formulas are suitable for some congested nose-causing patterns like Exterior Dry Cold invading the Lungs.
One such formula is Xing Su San, with apricot seed as a key herb.
Acupuncture is another integral component of TCM treatment for nasal congestion. Specific acupoints can effectively reduce congestion and improve breathing. For example, Hegu LI-4, located between the thumb and index finger, is known for its ability to expel Wind and regulate Qi, making it a pivotal point for treating nasal symptoms.
Another important point, Yingxiang LI-20, situated in the nasolabial groove, is particularly effective in opening the nasal passages and clearing congestion. Utilizing these points, along with targeted herbal treatments, offers a comprehensive approach to managing and resolving nasal congestion.
Explore below some acupoints used to address congested nose, organized by meridian.
At the vertex, at the junction of a line connecting the apex of the ears and the midline, in the depression 7 cun above the posterior hairline and 5 cun behind the anterior hairline.
On the head midline, 3 cun anterior to Baihui DU-20, 2 cun posterior to the front hairline.
On the head midline, 1 cun within anterior to the front hairline, 4 cun anterior to Baihui DU-20.
On the head midline, 0.5 cun above the anterior hairline.
In a depression on the tip of the nose.
On the midline, at the junction of the philtrum and the upper lip.
Vertically above the medial extremity of the eyebrow and medial canthus of the eye, 0.5 cun within the anterior hairline, between Shenting DU-24 and Quchai BL-4.
0.5 cun superior to the anterior hairline and 1.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline, at the junction of the medial third and lateral two-thirds of the distance from anterior midline to Touwei ST-8.
1.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline and 2.5 cun within the anterior hairline. On the other hand, this point is at the medial third and lateral two-thirds of the distance from anterior midline to the line vertically from Touwei ST-8. Chengguang BL-6 is also 1.5 cun posterior to Wuchu BL-5.
1.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline and 4 cun within the anterior hairline.
1.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline and 5.5 cun superior to the anterior hairline. Or 0.5 cun posterior to Baihui Du-20 at the vertex.
1.3 cun lateral to Yamen DU-15 on the posterior midline, 0.5 cun above the posterior hairline, on the lateral side of trapezius muscle.
1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 2nd thoracic vertebra (T2).
1 cun posterior to the Toulingqi GB-15 or 1.5 cun posterior to the anterior hairline, on the pupil line which is 2.25 cun lateral to the midline.
1.5 cun posterior to Zhengying GB-17 or 4 cun posterior to the anterior hairline. Or 1 cun anterior and 2.25 cun lateral to Baihui DU-20, which is at the vertex of the head.
Directly above Fengchi GB-20, level with Naohu DU-17, on the lateral side of the external occipital protuberance.
Between the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bones, approximately in the middle of the 2nd metacarpal bone on the radial side.
Directly below the lateral margin of the nostril, level with Renzhong DU-26.
In the nasolabrial groove, at the level of the midpoint of the lateral border of ala nasi.
Yintang EX-HN-3 is between the eyebrows and on the anterior midline.
At the upper end of the nasiolabial groove, at the junction of the maxilla and the nasal cavity.
In the 5th intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.
Directly below Sibai ST-2, at the level of the lower border of ala nasi.
Above the styloid process of the radius, about 1.5 cun proximal to the wrist crease (wrist joint space) in a V-shaped depression.
On the ulnar aspect of the little finger, distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint, at the junction of the shaft and the base of the proximal phalanx.