Dark Urineaccording to TCM

11 causes

66 herbal formulas

21 acupoints

Symptom family: Urine Color & Composition Abnormalities

Sub-symptom(s): Scanty And Dark Urine

What is Dark Urine?

Dark urine is a condition where the urine appears significantly darker than the usual pale yellow color. This can be indicative of various health issues, ranging from mild dehydration to more serious conditions affecting the liver or kidneys.

Synonyms for this symptom include dark-colored urine and hyperchromic urine. A sub-symptom often associated with dark urine is scanty and dark urine, which refers to both the color and the reduced quantity of urine output.

How Does TCM View Dark Urine?

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) approaches dark urine as a sign of underlying imbalances within the body's energy systems. Unlike Western medicine, which often focuses on the symptom itself, TCM aims to identify and treat the root cause of the symptom.

Dark urine in TCM is usually seen as an indication of excess Heat or Dampness in the body, and the treatment strategy revolves around restoring balance and harmony to the affected organs and meridians.

Root Causes of Dark Urine in TCM

In TCM, several patterns can lead to dark urine, but two common causes stand out. First, Heat in the Blood can cause dark urine, accompanied by symptoms like feeling hot, red skin eruptions, and thirst.

The second cause is Toxic-Heat, which might present with fever, edema, and red skin eruptions along with dark urine. TCM treatments focus on addressing these underlying patterns through a combination of dietary adjustments, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes to restore balance and alleviate symptoms.

Explore below more details about what might cause Dark urine according to TCM.

By Syndrome
By Organ

Heat
Dampness
Yin Deficiency
Wind
Cold
Mind Disturbance
Qi Deficiency
Qi Stagnation
Yang Excess
Summer Heat
View More Causes

View More Causes

Heat

In TCM "Heat" signifies an excess of Yang energy, leading to an imbalance where heat predominates over the body's cool Yin aspects. This condition is metaphorically akin to an internal over-heating. Symptoms indicative of Heat can include feelings of warmth, fever, sweating, irritability, red face, thirst with a preference for cold drinks, and a rapid pulse. The tongue may appear red with a yellow coating. Unlike the common interpretation of heat in terms of temperature, in TCM, it represents a state of hyperactivity or inflammation in the body.... see more

Heat Patterns That Can Lead to Dark Urine

Common Symptoms: Thirst Scanty And Dark Urine Fever Constipation Feeling Of Heat Bitter Taste In The Mouth Dizziness Irritability

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Heat in the Blood	Dark Urine, Feeling of heat, Red skin eruptions, Thirst, Frequent bleeding, Bloody sputum, Hematochezia, Hematuria, Vomiting blood, Cough of blood, Nosebleeds, Excessive menstruation... see more	Qing Jing San \| Long Dan Xie Gan Tang \| Liang Di Tang \| Di Gu Pi Yin \| Jia Wei Xiao Yao San
Toxic-Heat	Dark Urine, Fever, Edema, Pus and discharge, Boils, Carbuncles, Pustule, Red skin eruptions, Sore throat, Eczema, Perineum swollen, Prostate swollen, Testicular swelling, Mouth ulcers, Tonsil swelling... see more	Long Dan Xie Gan Tang \| Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin \| Yin Qiao San \| Sang Ju Yin \| Bai Hu Tang \| Qing Ying Tang \| Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang \| Huang Lian Jie Du Tang \| Xin Yi Qing Fei Yin \| Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan \| Shi Wei Bai Du San \| San Zhong Kui Jian Tang \| Zi Dang Gao \| Er Qing Gao \| Bing Peng San \| Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin \| Yin Qiao Jie Du Wan
Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines	Dark Urine, Afternoon fever, Excessive sweating, Sweating on limbs, Abdominal fullness, Abdominal pain, Constipation, Dry stools, Thirst, Anal burning, Irritability, Delirium... see more	Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang \| Xiao Cheng Qi Tang
Damp-Heat in the Bladder	Dark Urine, Frequent and urgent urination, Urinary burning, Urination stopping in the middle of flow, Cloudy urine, Hematuria, Fever, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Lower abdominal fullness and pain, Feeling of heat... see more	Ba Zheng San
Damp-Heat in the Liver	Dark Urine, Hypochondrial fullness and distention with pain alleviated by warmth, Abdominal fullness, Lower abdominal fullness, Bitter taste in the mouth, Sticky taste in the mouth, Lack of appetite, Nausea, Feeling of heaviness, Yellow vaginal discharge, Vaginal itching, Vulvar eczema, Vulvar sores, Bleeding between periods, Midcycle bleeding pain, Red and swollen scrotum, Red and swelling genital, Papules, Itchy vesicular rashes, Urinary dysfunction, Urinary burning... see more	Long Dan Xie Gan Tang \| Yin Chen Hao Tang
Early Stage Summerheat with Exterior Wind-Cold	Dark Urine, Fever, Chills, Lack of sweating, Headaches, Thirst, Flushed face, Stifling sensation in the chest, Feeling of heaviness, Body pain, Urinary dysfunction... see more	Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin
Heart Fire blazing	Dark Urine, Palpitations, Thirst, Mouth ulcers, Tongue ulcers, Restlessness, Anxiety, Feeling of heat, Insomnia, Flushed face, Hematuria, Bitter taste in the mouth... see more	Xie Xin Tang \| Zi Xue Dan \| Qing Xin Lian Zi Yin \| Liang Ge San
Heat in Uterus Blood	Dark Urine, Excessive menstruation, Sudden period before schedule, Dark menstrual blood, Sticky menstrual blood, Thirst, Flushed face, Anger, Anxiety, Constipation... see more	Qing Re Gu Jing Tang \| Huai Jiao Wan \| Gu Jing Wan
Lesser Yin Heat Transformation	Dark Urine, Feeling of heat, Irritability, Insomnia, Dry mouth and throat at night, Night sweats... see more	Huang Lian E Jiao Tang
Liver Fire Blazing	Dark Urine, Irritability, Anger, Tinnitus, Deafness, Temporal headache, Dizziness, Flushed face, Eye hyperemia, Thirst, Bitter taste in the mouth, Vivid dreaming, Constipation, Dry stools, Nosebleeds, Cough of blood, Vomiting blood... see more	Long Dan Xie Gan Tang \| Dang Gui Long Hui Wan \| Xie Qing Wan
Liver Wind agitating Internally due to Liver Fire	Dark Urine, Tremors, Irritability, Anger, Tinnitus, Deafness, Temporal headache, Dizziness, Flushed face, Eye hyperemia, Thirst, Bitter taste in the mouth, Vivid dreaming, Constipation, Dry stools, Nosebleeds, Vomiting blood, Cough of blood... see more	Zi Xue Dan \| Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang \| Feng Yin Tang
Toxic-Heat Stagnation	Dark Urine, Pustule, Carbuncles, Fever, Red skin eruptions, Sore throat, Throat pain, Eczema, Perineum swollen, Prostate swollen, Testicular swelling, Mouth ulcers, Tonsil swelling... see more	Huang Lian Jie Du Tang \| Xin Yi Qing Fei Yin
Wind-Heat invading the Lungs	Dark Urine, Aversion to cold, Fever, Coughing, Sore throat, Congested nose, Nasal discharge, Copious thick yellow sputum, Sneezing, Headaches, Body pain, Thirst, Tonsil swelling... see more	Yin Qiao San \| Yin Qiao Jie Du Wan
Damp-Heat in the Gallbladder	Scanty and dark urine, Hypochondriac pain, Hypochondriac distention, Nausea or vomiting, Fat malabsorption, Dull yellow complexion, Fever, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Bitter taste in the mouth, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Irritability, Feeling of heaviness, Limb numbness, Foot edema, Alternating diarrhea and constipation, Alternating sensation of hot and cold, Yellow sclera... see more	Yin Chen Hao Tang
Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine	Scanty and dark urine, Abdominal pain, Abdominal fullness, Diarrhea, Hematochezia, Mucous in feces, Smelly stools, Anal burning, Fever, Excessive sweating, Feeling of heat, Thirst, Feeling of heaviness... see more	Ge Geng Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang \| Shao Yao Tang
Damp-Heat invading the Spleen	Scanty and dark urine, Lack of appetite, Feeling of heaviness, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Nausea or vomiting, Malodorous diarrhea, Anal burning, Feeling of heat, Low grade fever, Dull headache, Dull yellow complexion, Yellow sclera, Oily sweat, Itchy rashes, Bitter taste in the mouth, Upper abdominal fullness, Upper abdominal pain... see more	Lian Po Yin
Full-Heat in the Small Intestine	Scanty and dark urine, Restlessness, Insomnia, Tongue ulcers, Mouth ulcers, Throat pain, Deafness, Cardiac burning sensation, Abdominal pain, Craving for cold beverages, Hematuria, Urinary burning... see more	Dao Chi San
Heat in the Large Intestine	Scanty and dark urine, Constipation, Mouth burning sensation, Anal burning, Dry stools, Dry tongue	Ma Zi Ren Wan
Damp-Heat	Scanty and dark urine, Scanty dark urination, Fever, Neck gland swelling, Headaches, Tight feeling in chest and stomach, Sticky taste in the mouth, Absence of thirst, Feeling of heat, Feeling of heaviness, Bitter taste in the mouth, Acne... see more	Ba Zheng San \| Yin Chen Hao Tang \| Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan \| Lian Po Yin \| Er Miao San \| Xiao Yao San \| Qing Re Tiao Xue Tang \| Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San
Kidney Yin Deficiency With Empty-Heat Blazing	Scanty and dark urine, Flushed cheekbones, Restlessness, Insomnia, Night sweats, Low grade fever in the afternoon, Heat sensation in palms, Afternoon heat sensation, Evening heat sensation, Hematuria, Dry throat, Preference for sipping, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Hearing loss, Lower back pain, Nocturnal emission, Hypersexuality, Dry stools... see more	Liu Wei Di Huang Wan \| Zhi Bo Di Huang Wan
Liver Fire insulting the Lungs	Scanty and dark urine, Shortness of breath, Asthma, Hypochondriac pain and discomfort, Cough with yellow or blood tinged sputum, Headaches, Dizziness, Flushed face, Thirst, Bitter taste in the mouth, Eye hyperemia, Constipation... see more	Long Dan Xie Gan Tang \| Ke Xie Fang
Stagnant Liver Qi turning into Fire	Scanty and dark urine, Hypochondriac distention, Upper abdominal distension, Stifling sensation in the chest, Irritability, Melancholia, Depression, Mood swings, Globus sensation, Feeling of heat, Flushed face, Thirst, Anger, Pre menstrual tension, Irregular periods, Pre menstrual breast distension, Excessive menstruation... see more	Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San
Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency	Scanty dark urination, Afternoon heat sensation, Dry mouth, Preference for sipping, Dry mouth and throat at night, Night sweats, Cardiac burning sensation, Hot palms and soles, Dry stools, Scanty and dark urine, Flushed cheekbones... see more	Huang Lian E Jiao Tang \| Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan \| Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang \| Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang \| Suan Zao Ren Tang
Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner	Dark Urine, Scanty and dark urine, Scanty and yellow urine, Lower back pain, Weakness of lower extremities, Red and swollen feet, Swollen knee, Thick greasy vaginal secretions, Ulcers on the lower limbs, Painful urination, Dry mouth, Dry throat... see more	Ba Zheng San
Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood	Dark Urine, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Night sweats, Back pain, Bleeding between periods	Liang Di Tang \| Er Zhi Wan \| Liu Wei Di Huang Wan \| Zuo Gui Wan
Damp-Heat in the Liver Channel	Dark Urine, Vulvar itching, Yellow vaginal discharge, Painful intercourse, Restlessness, Irritability, Insomnia, Excessive vaginal discharge, Foul-Smelling vaginal discharge, Sticky vaginal discharge, Vaginal itching... see more	Long Dan Xie Gan Tang
Excess-Heat	Scanty and dark urine, Fever, Flushed face, Red skin eruptions, Mottled skin, Irritability, Thirst, Arthritis, Constipation, Lupus... see more	Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang
Painful Obstruction due to Damp Heat in Channels	Scanty and dark urine, Heat and pain in the joints, Difficulty in moving, Fever, Chills, Dull yellow complexion, Rheumatic fever, Rheumatoid arthritis, Gouty inflammation, Connective tissue disorders... see more	Xuan Bi Tang

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Damp-Heat in the Bladder	Dark Urine, Frequent and urgent urination, Urinary burning, Urination stopping in the middle of flow, Cloudy urine, Hematuria, Fever, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Lower abdominal fullness and pain, Feeling of heat... see more	Ba Zheng San
Damp-Heat in the Liver	Dark Urine, Hypochondrial fullness and distention with pain alleviated by warmth, Abdominal fullness, Lower abdominal fullness, Bitter taste in the mouth, Sticky taste in the mouth, Lack of appetite, Nausea, Feeling of heaviness, Yellow vaginal discharge, Vaginal itching, Vulvar eczema, Vulvar sores, Bleeding between periods, Midcycle bleeding pain, Red and swollen scrotum, Red and swelling genital, Papules, Itchy vesicular rashes, Urinary dysfunction, Urinary burning... see more	Long Dan Xie Gan Tang \| Yin Chen Hao Tang
Early Stage Summerheat with Exterior Wind-Cold	Dark Urine, Fever, Chills, Lack of sweating, Headaches, Thirst, Flushed face, Stifling sensation in the chest, Feeling of heaviness, Body pain, Urinary dysfunction... see more	Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin
Damp-Heat in the Gallbladder	Scanty and dark urine, Hypochondriac pain, Hypochondriac distention, Nausea or vomiting, Fat malabsorption, Dull yellow complexion, Fever, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Bitter taste in the mouth, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Irritability, Feeling of heaviness, Limb numbness, Foot edema, Alternating diarrhea and constipation, Alternating sensation of hot and cold, Yellow sclera... see more	Yin Chen Hao Tang
Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine	Scanty and dark urine, Abdominal pain, Abdominal fullness, Diarrhea, Hematochezia, Mucous in feces, Smelly stools, Anal burning, Fever, Excessive sweating, Feeling of heat, Thirst, Feeling of heaviness... see more	Ge Geng Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang \| Shao Yao Tang
Damp-Heat invading the Spleen	Scanty and dark urine, Lack of appetite, Feeling of heaviness, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Nausea or vomiting, Malodorous diarrhea, Anal burning, Feeling of heat, Low grade fever, Dull headache, Dull yellow complexion, Yellow sclera, Oily sweat, Itchy rashes, Bitter taste in the mouth, Upper abdominal fullness, Upper abdominal pain... see more	Lian Po Yin
Damp-Heat	Scanty and dark urine, Scanty dark urination, Fever, Neck gland swelling, Headaches, Tight feeling in chest and stomach, Sticky taste in the mouth, Absence of thirst, Feeling of heat, Feeling of heaviness, Bitter taste in the mouth, Acne... see more	Ba Zheng San \| Yin Chen Hao Tang \| Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan \| Lian Po Yin \| Er Miao San \| Xiao Yao San \| Qing Re Tiao Xue Tang \| Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San
Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner	Dark Urine, Scanty and dark urine, Scanty and yellow urine, Lower back pain, Weakness of lower extremities, Red and swollen feet, Swollen knee, Thick greasy vaginal secretions, Ulcers on the lower limbs, Painful urination, Dry mouth, Dry throat... see more	Ba Zheng San
Damp-Heat in the Liver Channel	Dark Urine, Vulvar itching, Yellow vaginal discharge, Painful intercourse, Restlessness, Irritability, Insomnia, Excessive vaginal discharge, Foul-Smelling vaginal discharge, Sticky vaginal discharge, Vaginal itching... see more	Long Dan Xie Gan Tang
Spleen Deficiency with Dampness	Dark Urine, Edema, Feeling of heaviness, Diarrhea, Urinary dysfunction, Glomerulonephritis, Kidney infection, Nephrotic syndrome, Cystitis, Hydrocele, Migraine... see more	Bi Xie Fen Qing Yin \| Liu Jun Zi Tang
Painful Obstruction due to Damp Heat in Channels	Scanty and dark urine, Heat and pain in the joints, Difficulty in moving, Fever, Chills, Dull yellow complexion, Rheumatic fever, Rheumatoid arthritis, Gouty inflammation, Connective tissue disorders... see more	Xuan Bi Tang

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Lesser Yin Heat Transformation	Dark Urine, Feeling of heat, Irritability, Insomnia, Dry mouth and throat at night, Night sweats... see more	Huang Lian E Jiao Tang
Kidney Yin Deficiency With Empty-Heat Blazing	Scanty and dark urine, Flushed cheekbones, Restlessness, Insomnia, Night sweats, Low grade fever in the afternoon, Heat sensation in palms, Afternoon heat sensation, Evening heat sensation, Hematuria, Dry throat, Preference for sipping, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Hearing loss, Lower back pain, Nocturnal emission, Hypersexuality, Dry stools... see more	Liu Wei Di Huang Wan \| Zhi Bo Di Huang Wan
Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency	Scanty dark urination, Afternoon heat sensation, Dry mouth, Preference for sipping, Dry mouth and throat at night, Night sweats, Cardiac burning sensation, Hot palms and soles, Dry stools, Scanty and dark urine, Flushed cheekbones... see more	Huang Lian E Jiao Tang \| Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan \| Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang \| Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang \| Suan Zao Ren Tang
Kidney Yin Deficiency	Scanty dark urination, Excessive sweating, Back pain, Hearing loss, Dry mouth and throat at night, Lower back pain, Constipation, Scanty and dark urine, Infertility, Premature ejaculation, Generalized fatigue, General weakness, Depression, Anxiety, Heat sensation in palms, Evening heat sensation, Flushed cheekbones, Menopausal hot flashes, Preference for sipping, Evening anxiety... see more	Liu Wei Di Huang Wan \| Zuo Gui Wan \| Zhi Bo Di Huang Wan \| Bai Zi Yang Xin Tang \| Qi Bao Mei Ran Dan
Yin Deficiency	Scanty dark urination, Heat sensation in palms, Emaciation, Sore throat at night, Thirst, Anxiety, Jumpy, Scanty and dark urine, Dry stools, Dry mouth and throat at night, Nocturnal emission, Pain relieved by pressure and cold, Preference for sipping... see more	Liu Wei Di Huang Wan \| Zuo Gui Wan \| Mu Li San \| Zeng Ye Cheng Qi Tang
Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood	Dark Urine, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Night sweats, Back pain, Bleeding between periods	Liang Di Tang \| Er Zhi Wan \| Liu Wei Di Huang Wan \| Zuo Gui Wan

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines	Dark Urine, Afternoon fever, Excessive sweating, Sweating on limbs, Abdominal fullness, Abdominal pain, Constipation, Dry stools, Thirst, Anal burning, Irritability, Delirium... see more	Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang \| Xiao Cheng Qi Tang
Early Stage Summerheat with Exterior Wind-Cold	Dark Urine, Fever, Chills, Lack of sweating, Headaches, Thirst, Flushed face, Stifling sensation in the chest, Feeling of heaviness, Body pain, Urinary dysfunction... see more	Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin
Liver Wind agitating Internally due to Liver Fire	Dark Urine, Tremors, Irritability, Anger, Tinnitus, Deafness, Temporal headache, Dizziness, Flushed face, Eye hyperemia, Thirst, Bitter taste in the mouth, Vivid dreaming, Constipation, Dry stools, Nosebleeds, Vomiting blood, Cough of blood... see more	Zi Xue Dan \| Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang \| Feng Yin Tang
Wind-Heat invading the Lungs	Dark Urine, Aversion to cold, Fever, Coughing, Sore throat, Congested nose, Nasal discharge, Copious thick yellow sputum, Sneezing, Headaches, Body pain, Thirst, Tonsil swelling... see more	Yin Qiao San \| Yin Qiao Jie Du Wan

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines	Dark Urine, Afternoon fever, Excessive sweating, Sweating on limbs, Abdominal fullness, Abdominal pain, Constipation, Dry stools, Thirst, Anal burning, Irritability, Delirium... see more	Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang \| Xiao Cheng Qi Tang
Early Stage Summerheat with Exterior Wind-Cold	Dark Urine, Fever, Chills, Lack of sweating, Headaches, Thirst, Flushed face, Stifling sensation in the chest, Feeling of heaviness, Body pain, Urinary dysfunction... see more	Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Heart Fire blazing	Dark Urine, Palpitations, Thirst, Mouth ulcers, Tongue ulcers, Restlessness, Anxiety, Feeling of heat, Insomnia, Flushed face, Hematuria, Bitter taste in the mouth... see more	Xie Xin Tang \| Zi Xue Dan \| Qing Xin Lian Zi Yin \| Liang Ge San

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Spleen Deficiency with Dampness	Dark Urine, Edema, Feeling of heaviness, Diarrhea, Urinary dysfunction, Glomerulonephritis, Kidney infection, Nephrotic syndrome, Cystitis, Hydrocele, Migraine... see more	Bi Xie Fen Qing Yin \| Liu Jun Zi Tang

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Stagnant Liver Qi turning into Fire	Scanty and dark urine, Hypochondriac distention, Upper abdominal distension, Stifling sensation in the chest, Irritability, Melancholia, Depression, Mood swings, Globus sensation, Feeling of heat, Flushed face, Thirst, Anger, Pre menstrual tension, Irregular periods, Pre menstrual breast distension, Excessive menstruation... see more	Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Yang Excess or Full Yang	Scanty dark urination, Feeling of heat, Hyperactivity, Lack of sweating, Heat intolerance, Constipation	Da Cheng Qi Tang

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Early Stage Summerheat with Exterior Wind-Cold	Dark Urine, Fever, Chills, Lack of sweating, Headaches, Thirst, Flushed face, Stifling sensation in the chest, Feeling of heaviness, Body pain, Urinary dysfunction... see more	Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Damp-Heat in the Liver	Dark Urine, Hypochondrial fullness and distention with pain alleviated by warmth, Abdominal fullness, Lower abdominal fullness, Bitter taste in the mouth, Sticky taste in the mouth, Lack of appetite, Nausea, Feeling of heaviness, Yellow vaginal discharge, Vaginal itching, Vulvar eczema, Vulvar sores, Bleeding between periods, Midcycle bleeding pain, Red and swollen scrotum, Red and swelling genital, Papules, Itchy vesicular rashes, Urinary dysfunction, Urinary burning... see more	Long Dan Xie Gan Tang \| Yin Chen Hao Tang
Liver Fire Blazing	Dark Urine, Irritability, Anger, Tinnitus, Deafness, Temporal headache, Dizziness, Flushed face, Eye hyperemia, Thirst, Bitter taste in the mouth, Vivid dreaming, Constipation, Dry stools, Nosebleeds, Cough of blood, Vomiting blood... see more	Long Dan Xie Gan Tang \| Dang Gui Long Hui Wan \| Xie Qing Wan
Liver Wind agitating Internally due to Liver Fire	Dark Urine, Tremors, Irritability, Anger, Tinnitus, Deafness, Temporal headache, Dizziness, Flushed face, Eye hyperemia, Thirst, Bitter taste in the mouth, Vivid dreaming, Constipation, Dry stools, Nosebleeds, Vomiting blood, Cough of blood... see more	Zi Xue Dan \| Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang \| Feng Yin Tang
Liver Fire insulting the Lungs	Scanty and dark urine, Shortness of breath, Asthma, Hypochondriac pain and discomfort, Cough with yellow or blood tinged sputum, Headaches, Dizziness, Flushed face, Thirst, Bitter taste in the mouth, Eye hyperemia, Constipation... see more	Long Dan Xie Gan Tang \| Ke Xie Fang
Stagnant Liver Qi turning into Fire	Scanty and dark urine, Hypochondriac distention, Upper abdominal distension, Stifling sensation in the chest, Irritability, Melancholia, Depression, Mood swings, Globus sensation, Feeling of heat, Flushed face, Thirst, Anger, Pre menstrual tension, Irregular periods, Pre menstrual breast distension, Excessive menstruation... see more	Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San
Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood	Dark Urine, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Night sweats, Back pain, Bleeding between periods	Liang Di Tang \| Er Zhi Wan \| Liu Wei Di Huang Wan \| Zuo Gui Wan
Damp-Heat in the Liver Channel	Dark Urine, Vulvar itching, Yellow vaginal discharge, Painful intercourse, Restlessness, Irritability, Insomnia, Excessive vaginal discharge, Foul-Smelling vaginal discharge, Sticky vaginal discharge, Vaginal itching... see more	Long Dan Xie Gan Tang

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Lesser Yin Heat Transformation	Dark Urine, Feeling of heat, Irritability, Insomnia, Dry mouth and throat at night, Night sweats... see more	Huang Lian E Jiao Tang
Kidney Yin Deficiency With Empty-Heat Blazing	Scanty and dark urine, Flushed cheekbones, Restlessness, Insomnia, Night sweats, Low grade fever in the afternoon, Heat sensation in palms, Afternoon heat sensation, Evening heat sensation, Hematuria, Dry throat, Preference for sipping, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Hearing loss, Lower back pain, Nocturnal emission, Hypersexuality, Dry stools... see more	Liu Wei Di Huang Wan \| Zhi Bo Di Huang Wan
Kidneys And Heart Not Harmonized	Scanty and dark urine, Palpitations, Restlessness, Insomnia, Vivid dreaming, Anxiety, Poor memory, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Hearing loss, Lower back pain, Nocturnal emissions with dreams, Evening heat sensation, Dry mouth and throat at night, Preference for sipping, Night sweats, Heat sensation in palms, Dry stools... see more	Qing Xin Lian Zi Yin \| Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan \| Jiao Tai Wan \| Bai Zi Yang Xin Tang
Kidney Yin Deficiency	Scanty dark urination, Excessive sweating, Back pain, Hearing loss, Dry mouth and throat at night, Lower back pain, Constipation, Scanty and dark urine, Infertility, Premature ejaculation, Generalized fatigue, General weakness, Depression, Anxiety, Heat sensation in palms, Evening heat sensation, Flushed cheekbones, Menopausal hot flashes, Preference for sipping, Evening anxiety... see more	Liu Wei Di Huang Wan \| Zuo Gui Wan \| Zhi Bo Di Huang Wan \| Bai Zi Yang Xin Tang \| Qi Bao Mei Ran Dan
Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood	Dark Urine, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Night sweats, Back pain, Bleeding between periods	Liang Di Tang \| Er Zhi Wan \| Liu Wei Di Huang Wan \| Zuo Gui Wan

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Damp-Heat in the Bladder	Dark Urine, Frequent and urgent urination, Urinary burning, Urination stopping in the middle of flow, Cloudy urine, Hematuria, Fever, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Lower abdominal fullness and pain, Feeling of heat... see more	Ba Zheng San
Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner	Dark Urine, Scanty and dark urine, Scanty and yellow urine, Lower back pain, Weakness of lower extremities, Red and swollen feet, Swollen knee, Thick greasy vaginal secretions, Ulcers on the lower limbs, Painful urination, Dry mouth, Dry throat... see more	Ba Zheng San

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines	Dark Urine, Afternoon fever, Excessive sweating, Sweating on limbs, Abdominal fullness, Abdominal pain, Constipation, Dry stools, Thirst, Anal burning, Irritability, Delirium... see more	Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang \| Xiao Cheng Qi Tang
Full-Heat in the Small Intestine	Scanty and dark urine, Restlessness, Insomnia, Tongue ulcers, Mouth ulcers, Throat pain, Deafness, Cardiac burning sensation, Abdominal pain, Craving for cold beverages, Hematuria, Urinary burning... see more	Dao Chi San

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Heart Fire blazing	Dark Urine, Palpitations, Thirst, Mouth ulcers, Tongue ulcers, Restlessness, Anxiety, Feeling of heat, Insomnia, Flushed face, Hematuria, Bitter taste in the mouth... see more	Xie Xin Tang \| Zi Xue Dan \| Qing Xin Lian Zi Yin \| Liang Ge San
Kidneys And Heart Not Harmonized	Scanty and dark urine, Palpitations, Restlessness, Insomnia, Vivid dreaming, Anxiety, Poor memory, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Hearing loss, Lower back pain, Nocturnal emissions with dreams, Evening heat sensation, Dry mouth and throat at night, Preference for sipping, Night sweats, Heat sensation in palms, Dry stools... see more	Qing Xin Lian Zi Yin \| Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan \| Jiao Tai Wan \| Bai Zi Yang Xin Tang

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Damp-Heat invading the Spleen	Scanty and dark urine, Lack of appetite, Feeling of heaviness, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Nausea or vomiting, Malodorous diarrhea, Anal burning, Feeling of heat, Low grade fever, Dull headache, Dull yellow complexion, Yellow sclera, Oily sweat, Itchy rashes, Bitter taste in the mouth, Upper abdominal fullness, Upper abdominal pain... see more	Lian Po Yin
Spleen Deficiency with Dampness	Dark Urine, Edema, Feeling of heaviness, Diarrhea, Urinary dysfunction, Glomerulonephritis, Kidney infection, Nephrotic syndrome, Cystitis, Hydrocele, Migraine... see more	Bi Xie Fen Qing Yin \| Liu Jun Zi Tang

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Wind-Heat invading the Lungs	Dark Urine, Aversion to cold, Fever, Coughing, Sore throat, Congested nose, Nasal discharge, Copious thick yellow sputum, Sneezing, Headaches, Body pain, Thirst, Tonsil swelling... see more	Yin Qiao San \| Yin Qiao Jie Du Wan
Liver Fire insulting the Lungs	Scanty and dark urine, Shortness of breath, Asthma, Hypochondriac pain and discomfort, Cough with yellow or blood tinged sputum, Headaches, Dizziness, Flushed face, Thirst, Bitter taste in the mouth, Eye hyperemia, Constipation... see more	Long Dan Xie Gan Tang \| Ke Xie Fang

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine	Scanty and dark urine, Abdominal pain, Abdominal fullness, Diarrhea, Hematochezia, Mucous in feces, Smelly stools, Anal burning, Fever, Excessive sweating, Feeling of heat, Thirst, Feeling of heaviness... see more	Ge Geng Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang \| Shao Yao Tang
Heat in the Large Intestine	Scanty and dark urine, Constipation, Mouth burning sensation, Anal burning, Dry stools, Dry tongue	Ma Zi Ren Wan

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines	Dark Urine, Afternoon fever, Excessive sweating, Sweating on limbs, Abdominal fullness, Abdominal pain, Constipation, Dry stools, Thirst, Anal burning, Irritability, Delirium... see more	Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang \| Xiao Cheng Qi Tang

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Heat in Uterus Blood	Dark Urine, Excessive menstruation, Sudden period before schedule, Dark menstrual blood, Sticky menstrual blood, Thirst, Flushed face, Anger, Anxiety, Constipation... see more	Qing Re Gu Jing Tang \| Huai Jiao Wan \| Gu Jing Wan

Pattern Name	Relevant Symptoms	Relevant Formulas
Damp-Heat in the Gallbladder	Scanty and dark urine, Hypochondriac pain, Hypochondriac distention, Nausea or vomiting, Fat malabsorption, Dull yellow complexion, Fever, Dry mouth without desire to drink, Bitter taste in the mouth, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Irritability, Feeling of heaviness, Limb numbness, Foot edema, Alternating diarrhea and constipation, Alternating sensation of hot and cold, Yellow sclera... see more	Yin Chen Hao Tang

TCM Herbal Formulas for Dark Urine

For treating dark urine caused by Heat in the Blood, the TCM formula Qing Jing San, which includes Goji Tree Root Bark (Di Gu Pi), can be used to cool the Blood.

For Toxic-Heat conditions, Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, containing Chinese Gentian (Long Dan Cao), helps clear Heat and dry Dampness. These formulas are selected based on the individual's specific symptoms and overall health condition to ensure the most effective treatment.

Explore below some TCM herbal formulas used to address dark urine, organized by cause and by formula type.

By Cause
By Formula Type

Heat
Dampness
Yin Deficiency
Wind
Cold
Mind Disturbance
Qi Deficiency
Qi Stagnation
Yang Excess
Summer Heat
View More Causes

View More Causes

Top Formula for Heat:
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang

Suitable for Heat patterns that may cause dark urine, such as Heat in the Blood or Toxic-Heat

Learn more

All Formulas Recommended for Dark Urine Caused by Heat

Formula	Patterns Suitable For
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang	Heat in the Blood, Toxic-Heat, Damp-Heat in the Liver, Liver Fire Blazing, Damp-Heat in the Liver Channel, Liver Fire insulting the Lungs... see more
Ba Zheng San	Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner, Damp-Heat in the Bladder, Damp-Heat
Yin Chen Hao Tang	Damp-Heat in the Liver, Damp-Heat in the Gallbladder, Damp-Heat
Liu Wei Di Huang Wan	Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood, Kidney Yin Deficiency With Empty-Heat Blazing... see more
Liang Di Tang	Heat in the Blood, Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood
Yin Qiao San	Toxic-Heat, Wind-Heat invading the Lungs
Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang	Toxic-Heat, Excess-Heat
Huang Lian Jie Du Tang	Toxic-Heat, Toxic-Heat Stagnation
Xin Yi Qing Fei Yin	Toxic-Heat, Toxic-Heat Stagnation
Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan	Toxic-Heat, Damp-Heat
Yin Qiao Jie Du Wan	Toxic-Heat, Wind-Heat invading the Lungs
Zi Xue Dan	Heart Fire blazing, Liver Wind agitating Internally due to Liver Fire
Huang Lian E Jiao Tang	Lesser Yin Heat Transformation, Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency
Lian Po Yin	Damp-Heat invading the Spleen, Damp-Heat
Zuo Gui Wan	Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood
Qing Xin Lian Zi Yin	Heart Fire blazing
Zhi Bo Di Huang Wan	Kidney Yin Deficiency With Empty-Heat Blazing
Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan	Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency
Qing Jing San	Heat in the Blood
Di Gu Pi Yin	Heat in the Blood
Jia Wei Xiao Yao San	Heat in the Blood
Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin	Toxic-Heat
Sang Ju Yin	Toxic-Heat
Bai Hu Tang	Toxic-Heat
Qing Ying Tang	Toxic-Heat
Shi Wei Bai Du San	Toxic-Heat
San Zhong Kui Jian Tang	Toxic-Heat
Zi Dang Gao	Toxic-Heat
Er Qing Gao	Toxic-Heat
Bing Peng San	Toxic-Heat
Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin	Toxic-Heat
Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang	Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines
Xiao Cheng Qi Tang	Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines
Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin	Early Stage Summerheat with Exterior Wind-Cold
Xie Xin Tang	Heart Fire blazing
Liang Ge San	Heart Fire blazing
Qing Re Gu Jing Tang	Heat in Uterus Blood
Huai Jiao Wan	Heat in Uterus Blood
Gu Jing Wan	Heat in Uterus Blood
Er Zhi Wan	Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood
Dang Gui Long Hui Wan	Liver Fire Blazing
Xie Qing Wan	Liver Fire Blazing
Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang	Liver Wind agitating Internally due to Liver Fire
Feng Yin Tang	Liver Wind agitating Internally due to Liver Fire
Ge Geng Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang	Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
Shao Yao Tang	Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
Dao Chi San	Full-Heat in the Small Intestine
Ma Zi Ren Wan	Heat in the Large Intestine
Er Miao San	Damp-Heat
Xiao Yao San	Damp-Heat
Qing Re Tiao Xue Tang	Damp-Heat
Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San	Damp-Heat
Ke Xie Fang	Liver Fire insulting the Lungs
Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San	Stagnant Liver Qi turning into Fire
Xuan Bi Tang	Painful Obstruction due to Damp Heat in Channels
Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang	Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency
Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang	Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency
Suan Zao Ren Tang	Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency

Formula	Patterns Suitable For
Ba Zheng San	Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner, Damp-Heat in the Bladder, Damp-Heat
Yin Chen Hao Tang	Damp-Heat in the Liver, Damp-Heat in the Gallbladder, Damp-Heat
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang	Damp-Heat in the Liver, Damp-Heat in the Liver Channel
Lian Po Yin	Damp-Heat invading the Spleen, Damp-Heat
Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan	Damp-Heat
Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin	Early Stage Summerheat with Exterior Wind-Cold
Bi Xie Fen Qing Yin	Spleen Deficiency with Dampness
Liu Jun Zi Tang	Spleen Deficiency with Dampness
Ge Geng Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang	Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
Shao Yao Tang	Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
Er Miao San	Damp-Heat
Xiao Yao San	Damp-Heat
Qing Re Tiao Xue Tang	Damp-Heat
Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San	Damp-Heat
Xuan Bi Tang	Painful Obstruction due to Damp Heat in Channels

Formula	Patterns Suitable For
Liu Wei Di Huang Wan	Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood, Kidney Yin Deficiency With Empty-Heat Blazing, Kidney Yin Deficiency, Yin Deficiency... see more
Zuo Gui Wan	Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood, Kidney Yin Deficiency, Yin Deficiency... see more
Huang Lian E Jiao Tang	Lesser Yin Heat Transformation, Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency
Zhi Bo Di Huang Wan	Kidney Yin Deficiency With Empty-Heat Blazing, Kidney Yin Deficiency
Liang Di Tang	Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood
Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan	Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency
Bai Zi Yang Xin Tang	Kidney Yin Deficiency
Er Zhi Wan	Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood
Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang	Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency
Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang	Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency
Suan Zao Ren Tang	Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency
Qi Bao Mei Ran Dan	Kidney Yin Deficiency
Mu Li San	Yin Deficiency
Zeng Ye Cheng Qi Tang	Yin Deficiency

Formula	Patterns Suitable For
Zi Xue Dan	Liver Wind agitating Internally due to Liver Fire
Yin Qiao San	Wind-Heat invading the Lungs
Yin Qiao Jie Du Wan	Wind-Heat invading the Lungs
Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang	Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines
Xiao Cheng Qi Tang	Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines
Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin	Early Stage Summerheat with Exterior Wind-Cold
Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang	Liver Wind agitating Internally due to Liver Fire
Feng Yin Tang	Liver Wind agitating Internally due to Liver Fire

Formula	Patterns Suitable For
Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang	Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines
Xiao Cheng Qi Tang	Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines
Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin	Early Stage Summerheat with Exterior Wind-Cold

Formula	Patterns Suitable For
Zi Xue Dan	Heart Fire blazing
Qing Xin Lian Zi Yin	Heart Fire blazing
Xie Xin Tang	Heart Fire blazing
Liang Ge San	Heart Fire blazing

Formula	Patterns Suitable For
Bi Xie Fen Qing Yin	Spleen Deficiency with Dampness
Liu Jun Zi Tang	Spleen Deficiency with Dampness

Formula	Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang	Heat in the Blood, Damp-Heat in the Liver, Liver Fire Blazing, Toxic-Heat, Damp-Heat in the Liver Channel, Liver Fire insulting the Lungs... see more
Qing Xin Lian Zi Yin	Heart Fire blazing, Kidneys And Heart Not Harmonized
Xin Yi Qing Fei Yin	Toxic-Heat, Toxic-Heat Stagnation
Dang Gui Long Hui Wan	Liver Fire Blazing
Xie Qing Wan	Liver Fire Blazing
Shao Yao Tang	Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
Dao Chi San	Full-Heat in the Small Intestine

Formula	Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Ba Zheng San	Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner, Damp-Heat in the Bladder, Damp-Heat
Yin Chen Hao Tang	Damp-Heat in the Liver, Damp-Heat in the Gallbladder, Damp-Heat
Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan	Toxic-Heat, Damp-Heat
Lian Po Yin	Damp-Heat invading the Spleen, Damp-Heat
Qing Re Tiao Xue Tang	Damp-Heat

Formula	Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Liu Wei Di Huang Wan	Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood, Kidney Yin Deficiency With Empty-Heat Blazing, Kidney Yin Deficiency, Yin Deficiency... see more
Zuo Gui Wan	Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood, Kidney Yin Deficiency, Yin Deficiency... see more
Liang Di Tang	Heat in the Blood, Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood
Zhi Bo Di Huang Wan	Kidney Yin Deficiency With Empty-Heat Blazing, Kidney Yin Deficiency
Di Gu Pi Yin	Heat in the Blood
Er Zhi Wan	Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency causing Heat in the Blood

Formula	Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Huang Lian Jie Du Tang	Toxic-Heat, Toxic-Heat Stagnation
Yin Qiao Jie Du Wan	Toxic-Heat, Wind-Heat invading the Lungs
Xie Xin Tang	Heart Fire blazing
Liang Ge San	Heart Fire blazing
Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin	Toxic-Heat

Formula	Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Huang Lian E Jiao Tang	Lesser Yin Heat Transformation, Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency
Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan	Kidneys And Heart Not Harmonized, Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency
Bai Zi Yang Xin Tang	Kidneys And Heart Not Harmonized, Kidney Yin Deficiency
Jiao Tai Wan	Kidneys And Heart Not Harmonized
Suan Zao Ren Tang	Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency

Formula	Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Yin Qiao San	Toxic-Heat, Wind-Heat invading the Lungs
Zi Dang Gao	Toxic-Heat
Er Qing Gao	Toxic-Heat
Bing Peng San	Toxic-Heat

Formula	Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang	Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines
Xiao Cheng Qi Tang	Bright Yang Fire in Stomach and Intestines
Da Cheng Qi Tang	Yang Excess or Full Yang

Formula	Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Qing Re Gu Jing Tang	Heat in Uterus Blood
Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang	Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency
Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang	Empty-Heat or Fire caused by Yin Deficiency

Formula	Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Jia Wei Xiao Yao San	Heat in the Blood
Xiao Yao San	Damp-Heat

Formula	Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Huai Jiao Wan	Heat in Uterus Blood
Ke Xie Fang	Liver Fire insulting the Lungs

Formula	Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang	Toxic-Heat, Excess-Heat
Qing Ying Tang	Toxic-Heat

Formula	Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin	Toxic-Heat
Shi Wei Bai Du San	Toxic-Heat
San Zhong Kui Jian Tang	Toxic-Heat

Acupoints for Dark Urine

Several acupoints are beneficial for addressing dark urine in TCM. In the Bladder Channel, points like Ciliao BL-32 and Pangguangshu BL-28 regulate the Lower Burner and resolve Damp-Heat. In the Directing Vessel, Guanyuan REN-4 nourishes Blood and Yin, while in the Governing Vessel, Dazhui DU-14 clears Wind-Heat.

Large Intestine Channel points such as Shanglian LI-9 regulate the Large Intestine and clear Heat. Additionally, Kidney Channel points like Shiguan KID-18 and Yingu KID-10 resolve Dampness and nourish Kidney Yin. These acupoints are selected based on the individual's unique pattern of imbalance to effectively target the underlying cause of dark urine.

Explore below some acupoints used to address dark urine, organized by meridian.