What is Hiccups?

Hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm followed by the sudden closure of the vocal cords, which produces the characteristic "hic" sound. This common reflex can occur sporadically and resolve on its own or become persistent, affecting the individual's quality of life.

While often benign, persistent or severe hiccups can signal underlying health issues. Understanding hiccups in their various forms, including neurological and recalcitrant types, is essential for effective management and treatment.

How does TCM view Hiccups?

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) interprets hiccups as a disruption in the body's natural flow of Qi, specifically an upward disturbance of Stomach Qi, or a manifestation of disharmony between the organs.

According to TCM, the body is a system of balanced energies, and hiccups are a sign that this balance is disturbed. Identifying the precise pattern of disharmony is crucial in TCM, as it guides the treatment strategy to not only alleviate the symptoms but also to address the root cause of the hiccups.

Root Causes of Hiccups in TCM

In TCM, hiccups are primarily attributed to factors that disrupt the smooth flow of Qi across the body. Two common patterns include Rebellious Qi, where Qi flows in the opposite direction than intended, causing symptoms like hiccups, nausea, and upper abdominal discomfort, and Qi Stagnation, which involves a blockage that prevents Qi from moving freely, leading to tension, discomfort, and hiccups.

These patterns are often linked to emotional stress or dietary indiscretions and require a nuanced approach to treatment that restores harmony and Qi flow.

Explore below more details about what might cause Hiccups according to TCM.

  • By Syndrome
  • By Organ
  • Qi Rebellion
  • Qi Stagnation
  • Qi Deficiency
  • Phlegm
  • Yin Deficiency
  • Stomach
  • Liver
Detailed description of the cause

Qi Rebellion

Rebellious Qi in TCM is a bit like having a rebel inside your body. Qi, which is the vital energy flowing through your body, is supposed to move in certain directions to keep everything in balance and working well. But with Rebellious Qi, this energy decides to go the opposite way. Think of it like a river flowing upstream instead of downstream. This can cause various issues like heartburn, coughing, or even headaches. It's as if the body's natural flow is disrupted, creating a kind of internal chaos. TCM focuses on correcting this flow, restoring order and balance.... see more

Qi Rebellion Patterns That Can Lead to Hiccups

Common Symptoms: Belching Hypochondriac Distention Upper Abdominal Distension Sighing Nausea Or Vomiting Irritability Headaches Nausea

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Rebellious Liver Qi Hiccuping, Hypochondriac distention, Upper abdominal distension, Hiccups, Sighing, Nausea or vomiting, Belching, Stomach churning, Irritability, Breast engorgement, Headaches, Dizziness... see more Chai Hu Shu Gan San | Si Ni San
Rebellious Liver Qi invading the Stomach Hiccuping, Irritability, Upper abdominal pain, Upper abdominal distension, Hypochondriac pain, Hypochondriac distention, Upper abdominal oppression, Acid reflux, Hiccups, Belching, Nausea or vomiting, Sighing, Weak limbs... see more Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang | Ban Xia Hou Pu Tang | Si Mo Tang | Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang | Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang
Rebellious Qi Hiccuping, Hiccups, Belching, Nausea, Vomit, Coughing, Asthma Chai Hu Shu Gan San | Si Ni San | Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang | Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang | Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang
Rebellious Stomach Qi Hiccuping, Nausea, Dysphagia, Belching, Vomit, Hiccups Ban Xia Hou Pu Tang | Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang | Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San
Detailed description of the cause

Qi Stagnation

Qi Stagnation in TCM is like having a traffic jam in your body's energy system. Qi, the vital life force that flows through your body, is supposed to move smoothly to maintain health and balance. But with Qi Stagnation, this flow gets blocked or slowed down, like cars stuck on a highway. This can lead to symptoms like feeling stressed, emotional mood swings, and physical discomfort, often described as a feeling of fullness or tightness, especially in the chest or abdomen. It's as though the body's internal energy circulation is disrupted, causing various issues. TCM sees this as an energy flow problem, different from modern medicine's focus on specific physiological processes.... see more

Qi Stagnation Patterns That Can Lead to Hiccups

Common Symptoms: Upper Abdominal Distension Irritability Nausea Vomit Upper Abdominal Pain Belching Hypochondriac Distention Chest Distension

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Liver Qi Stagnation Hiccuping, Hypochondriac distention, Chest distension, Upper abdominal distension, Abdominal distention, Sighing, Melancholia, Depression, Mood swings, Irregular periods, Globus sensation, Pre menstrual breast distension, Pre menstrual tension, Anxiety, Anger... see more Xiao Yao San | Jia Wei Xiao Yao San | Yue Ju Wan | Chai Hu Shu Gan San | Yi Guan Jian
Stomach Qi Stagnation Hiccuping, Upper abdominal pain, Upper abdominal distension, Belching, Nausea, Vomit, Hiccups, Irritability... see more Ban Xia Hou Pu Tang | Zuo Jin Wan
Detailed description of the cause

Qi Deficiency

Qi Deficiency in TCM is like running low on battery power. Qi is the vital energy that powers every function in your body. When there's a Qi Deficiency, it means your body doesn't have enough of this essential energy. This can make you feel tired all the time, weak, or even cause shortness of breath. It's similar to how you feel when you haven't had enough sleep or nutritious food. Your body just doesn't have the energy it needs to perform at its best. Unlike modern medicine, which often focuses on specific physical causes for fatigue and weakness, TCM views Qi Deficiency as an overall energy depletion that affects your entire well-being, and it seeks to replenish and balance this vital energy.... see more

Qi Deficiency Patterns That Can Lead to Hiccups

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Stomach Qi Deficiency with Phelgm Hiccuping, Persistent belching, Hiccups, Vomit, Nausea or vomiting, Upper abdominal focal distention, Chronic gastritis, Stomach prolapse, Stomach dilation, Peptic ulcer, Chronic hepatitis... see more Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Phlegm

In TCM "Phlegm" as a pattern of disharmony is a complex concept that extends beyond the physical manifestation of mucus. It represents a pathological factor that can disrupt the flow of Qi (vital energy) and blood, leading to various health issues. Phlegm in TCM is seen as a sticky, turbid substance arising from the body's inability to metabolize fluids properly, often due to a dysfunction of the spleen. It's not only associated with respiratory problems like cough and congestion but also with systemic issues. Symptoms can include a feeling of heaviness, mental cloudiness, dizziness, and in some cases, the formation of lumps or masses. Phlegm can even be "invisible," contributing to emotional disturbances like depression or stress. ... see more

Phlegm Patterns That Can Lead to Hiccups

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Stomach Qi Deficiency with Phelgm Hiccuping, Persistent belching, Hiccups, Vomit, Nausea or vomiting, Upper abdominal focal distention, Chronic gastritis, Stomach prolapse, Stomach dilation, Peptic ulcer, Chronic hepatitis... see more Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Yin Deficiency

Yin deficiency in TCM is a pattern of disharmony characterized by a depletion of the body's Yin energy, which represents the cooling, moistening, and nurturing aspects of our physiology. This condition often arises from factors like chronic stress, overwork, insufficient rest, or prolonged illness. Symptoms of Yin deficiency can include a sensation of heat, especially in the afternoon or evening, night sweats, insomnia, a dry mouth or throat, and a red tongue with little coating. There might also be a general feeling of restlessness or irritability. Since Yin is essential for balancing the body's active and warm Yang energy, its deficiency leads to a relative excess of Yang, manifesting as heat or dryness symptoms.... see more

Yin Deficiency Patterns That Can Lead to Hiccups

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Stomach Yin Deficiency Hiccuping, Lack of appetite, Preference for sipping, Slight abdominal distension after eating... see more Yi Wei Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Stomach

In TCM the Stomach is regarded as the "sea of nourishment," pivotal for digesting food and transforming it into Qi and blood. It works closely with the Spleen to distribute these essential nutrients throughout the body. When the Stomach is out of balance or malfunctions in TCM, it often leads to digestive problems such as bloating, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, or a feeling of fullness. There may also be issues like acid reflux or a sour taste in the mouth. Emotionally, an imbalanced Stomach can contribute to excessive worry and overthinking, reflecting the TCM belief that physical and emotional well-being are deeply interconnected.... see more

Stomach Patterns That Can Lead to Hiccups

Common Symptoms: Upper Abdominal Pain Belching Vomit Irritability Upper Abdominal Distension Nausea Or Vomiting Nausea Chronic Gastritis

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Rebellious Liver Qi invading the Stomach Hiccuping, Irritability, Upper abdominal pain, Upper abdominal distension, Hypochondriac pain, Hypochondriac distention, Upper abdominal oppression, Acid reflux, Hiccups, Belching, Nausea or vomiting, Sighing, Weak limbs... see more Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang | Ban Xia Hou Pu Tang | Si Mo Tang | Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang | Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang
Rebellious Stomach Qi Hiccuping, Nausea, Dysphagia, Belching, Vomit, Hiccups Ban Xia Hou Pu Tang | Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang | Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San
Stomach Qi Stagnation Hiccuping, Upper abdominal pain, Upper abdominal distension, Belching, Nausea, Vomit, Hiccups, Irritability... see more Ban Xia Hou Pu Tang | Zuo Jin Wan
Stomach Yin Deficiency Hiccuping, Lack of appetite, Preference for sipping, Slight abdominal distension after eating... see more Yi Wei Tang
Stomach Qi Deficiency with Phelgm Hiccuping, Persistent belching, Hiccups, Vomit, Nausea or vomiting, Upper abdominal focal distention, Chronic gastritis, Stomach prolapse, Stomach dilation, Peptic ulcer, Chronic hepatitis... see more Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Liver

In TCM the Liver is viewed as the organ responsible for the smooth flow of Qi, Blood, and emotions throughout the body. It plays a key role in regulating mood, storing blood, supporting digestion, and ensuring the health of tendons and eyes. When the Liver malfunctions or is imbalanced in TCM, it can lead to a range of issues such as irritability, mood swings, menstrual irregularities, eye problems, and muscular stiffness or pain. A malfunctioning Liver in TCM reflects not only physical disturbances but also emotional and mental disharmony, emphasizing the holistic approach of TCM in addressing health and wellness.... see more

Liver Patterns That Can Lead to Hiccups

Common Symptoms: Hypochondriac Distention Upper Abdominal Distension Sighing Irritability Belching Hypochondriac Pain Upper Abdominal Pain Stomach Churning

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Liver Qi Stagnation Hiccuping, Hypochondriac distention, Chest distension, Upper abdominal distension, Abdominal distention, Sighing, Melancholia, Depression, Mood swings, Irregular periods, Globus sensation, Pre menstrual breast distension, Pre menstrual tension, Anxiety, Anger... see more Xiao Yao San | Jia Wei Xiao Yao San | Yue Ju Wan | Chai Hu Shu Gan San | Yi Guan Jian
Rebellious Liver Qi Hiccuping, Hypochondriac distention, Upper abdominal distension, Hiccups, Sighing, Nausea or vomiting, Belching, Stomach churning, Irritability, Breast engorgement, Headaches, Dizziness... see more Chai Hu Shu Gan San | Si Ni San
Rebellious Liver Qi invading the Stomach Hiccuping, Irritability, Upper abdominal pain, Upper abdominal distension, Hypochondriac pain, Hypochondriac distention, Upper abdominal oppression, Acid reflux, Hiccups, Belching, Nausea or vomiting, Sighing, Weak limbs... see more Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang | Ban Xia Hou Pu Tang | Si Mo Tang | Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang | Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang

TCM Herbal Formulas for Hiccups

To address the underlying causes of hiccups, TCM practitioners may recommend specific formulas and herbs. For instance, Chai Hu Shu Gan San is utilized to soothe Rebellious Liver Qi, alleviating the tension and pressure that can lead to hiccups.

Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang is another formula prescribed for hiccups arising from Rebellious Qi invading the Stomach, combining herbs that redirect Qi downward and alleviate discomfort. These formulas exemplify TCM's holistic approach, targeting the imbalances that lead to symptoms while promoting overall well-being.

Explore below some TCM herbal formulas used to address hiccups, organized by cause and by formula type.

  • By Cause
  • By Formula Type
  • Qi Rebellion
  • Qi Stagnation
  • Qi Deficiency
  • Phlegm
  • Yin Deficiency
  • Formulas that promote qi movement
  • Formulas for a rebellious qi
  • Formulas that harmonize liver-Spleen
  • Formulas that nourish yin and tonify
  • Formulas that transform dampness and harmonize stomach
  • Formulas that clear heat
  • Formulas that pacify and extinguish internal wind
  • Formulas that tonify blood

All Formulas Recommended for Hiccups Caused by Qi Rebellion

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Chai Hu Shu Gan San Rebellious Liver Qi, Rebellious Qi
Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang Rebellious Liver Qi invading the Stomach, Rebellious Qi
Ban Xia Hou Pu Tang Rebellious Liver Qi invading the Stomach, Rebellious Stomach Qi
Si Ni San Rebellious Liver Qi, Rebellious Qi
Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang Rebellious Liver Qi invading the Stomach, Rebellious Qi
Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang Rebellious Liver Qi invading the Stomach, Rebellious Stomach Qi
Si Mo Tang Rebellious Liver Qi invading the Stomach
Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang Rebellious Qi
Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San Rebellious Stomach Qi

All Formulas Recommended for Hiccups Caused by Qi Stagnation

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Chai Hu Shu Gan San Liver Qi Stagnation
Ban Xia Hou Pu Tang Stomach Qi Stagnation
Xiao Yao San Liver Qi Stagnation
Jia Wei Xiao Yao San Liver Qi Stagnation
Yue Ju Wan Liver Qi Stagnation
Yi Guan Jian Liver Qi Stagnation
Zuo Jin Wan Stomach Qi Stagnation

All "formulas that promote qi movement" recommended for hiccups

Formula Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Chai Hu Shu Gan San Liver Qi Stagnation, Rebellious Liver Qi, Rebellious Qi
Ban Xia Hou Pu Tang Rebellious Liver Qi invading the Stomach, Rebellious Stomach Qi, Stomach Qi Stagnation... see more
Yue Ju Wan Liver Qi Stagnation
Si Mo Tang Rebellious Liver Qi invading the Stomach

All "formulas for a rebellious qi" recommended for hiccups

Formula Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang Rebellious Liver Qi invading the Stomach, Rebellious Qi, Stomach Qi Deficiency with Phelgm... see more
Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang Rebellious Liver Qi invading the Stomach, Rebellious Qi
Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang Rebellious Liver Qi invading the Stomach, Rebellious Stomach Qi
Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang Rebellious Qi

All "formulas that harmonize liver-Spleen" recommended for hiccups

Formula Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Si Ni San Rebellious Liver Qi, Rebellious Qi
Xiao Yao San Liver Qi Stagnation
Jia Wei Xiao Yao San Liver Qi Stagnation

All "formulas that nourish yin and tonify" recommended for hiccups

Formula Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Yi Guan Jian Liver Qi Stagnation
Yi Wei Tang Stomach Yin Deficiency

Acupoints for Hiccups

TCM also incorporates acupuncture as a treatment for hiccups, targeting specific acupoints to regulate Qi flow and relieve symptoms. Liangqiu ST-34, for example, is activated to subdue Rebellious Stomach Qi and address obstructions in the Stomach channel that might be causing hiccups.

Neiguan P-6 is another crucial point for its ability to calm the Mind, invigorate Qi and Blood in the chest, and harmonize stomach activities. These acupoints, among others, are carefully selected based on the individual's specific TCM diagnosis to effectively treat hiccups and restore balance.

Explore below some acupoints used to address hiccups, organized by meridian.

  • By Meridian
  • Stomach Channel
  • Bladder Channel
  • Kidney Channel
  • Extra Points: Head and Neck (EX-HN)
  • Pericardium Channel
  • Liver Channel
  • Gall Bladder Channel
  • Spleen Channel
  • Governing Vessel
Qishe ST-11

Qishe ST-11

On the upper border of the clavicle, between the tendons of the sternal and clavicular heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Qihu ST-13

Qihu ST-13

About 4 cun lateral to the anterior midline, below the midpoint of the clavicle.

Liangqiu ST-34

Liangqiu ST-34

2 cun above the upper-lateral border of the patella, on a line between the upper lateral patellar border and the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).

Zusanli ST-36

Zusanli ST-36

3 cun below Dubi ST-35, one finger breadth lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia, on the tibialis anterior muscle.

Geshu BL-17

Geshu BL-17

1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 7th thoracic vertebra (T7).

Weishu BL-21

Weishu BL-21

1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 12th thoracic vertebra (T12).

Shiguan KID-18

Shiguan KID-18

3 cun above the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.

Youmen KID-21

Youmen KID-21

6 cun above the umbilicus and 2 cun below the sternocostal angle, 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.

Neiguan P-6

Neiguan P-6

2 cun above Daling P-7 on the transverse crease of the wrist, between the tendons of palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis muscle.

Qimen LIV-14

Qimen LIV-14

On the mammillary line, two ribs below the nipple, in the 6th intercostal space, 4 cun lateral to the midline. Please note that there is an alternative location for LIV-14 at the lower edge of the ribcage in line with the nipple or, in women, 4 cun from the midline. In fact, one could look upon these as two separate points. The one in the intercostal space is used more for Channel problems. While the one at the lower edge of the ribcage is used more for Organ problems.

Riyue GB-24

Riyue GB-24

On the mamillary line which is 4 cun lateral to the anterior midline, in the 7th intercostal space, 1 intercostal space below Qimen LIV-14.

Tianxi SP-18

Tianxi SP-18

2 cun lateral to the nipple, in the 4th intercostal space.

Zhiyang DU-9

Zhiyang DU-9

On the back midline, in the depression below the spinous process of the 7th thoracic vertebra (T7).