English: Liquorice

Chinese: 甘草

Parts used: Dried root and rhizome

TCM category: Tonic herbs for Qi Deficiency

TCM nature: Neutral

TCM taste(s): Sweet

Organ affinity: Heart Lung Spleen Stomach

Scientific name: Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Other names: Licorice

Use of Gan Cao (liquorice) in TCM

Please note that you should never self-prescribe TCM ingredients. A TCM ingredient is almost never eaten on its own but as part of a formula containing several ingredients that act together. Please consult a professional TCM practitioner, they will be best able to guide you.

Preparation: Remove impurities, wash, soak in water, cut thick slices, dry.

Dosage: 2 - 10g

Main actions according to TCM*: Tonifies the Basal Qi and nourishes the Spleen Qi. Clears Heat and dispels toxicity. Moistens the Lungsexpel phlegm and stop coughing. Relieves spasms and alleviates pain. Harmonizes and moderates the effects of other herbs.

Primary conditions or symptoms for which Gan Cao may be prescribed by TCM doctors*: Palpitations Coughing Spasmodic pain Abcesses Sore throat Sputum Abdominal pain

Contraindications*: Licorice should not be used when there is Excess Dampness, nausea or vomiting and generally should be used with caution by those who tend to retain water. People with heart conditions or high blood pressure should avoid ingesting large amounts of liquorice as it can increase blood pressure. Prolonged use (6 weeks) of excessive doses (50g/day) can lead to pseudoaldosteronism.

Common TCM formulas in which Gan Cao is used*

Gui Pi Tang

Source date: 1529 AD

Number of ingredients: 12 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies and nourish Qi and Blood. Tonifies Heart and Spleen.

Conditions targeted*: Nervous exhaustionMyasthenia gravis and others

Gan Cao is a king ingredient in Gui Pi Tang. Like the name indicates, it means it has more power than other ingredients in the formula.

In Gui Pi Tang, Gan Cao tonifies the Spleen and augments the Qi.

Together with the 3 other key herbs in this formula it has a strong tonifying effect on the Spleen, which enables it to generate Blood.

Read more about Gui Pi Tang

Shen Ling Bai Zhu San

Source date: 1107 AD

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Augments the Qi. Strengthens the Spleen. Leaches out Dampness. Stops diarrhea.

Conditions targeted*: Chronic gastritisEnteritis and others

Gan Cao is a king ingredient in Shen Ling Bai Zhu San. Like the name indicates, it means it has more power than other ingredients in the formula.

In Shen Ling Bai Zhu San, Gan Cao warms and regulates the Middle Burner

Read more about Shen Ling Bai Zhu San

Feng Yin Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 12 herbs

Formula key actions: Extinguishes and pacifies Wind with heavy medicinals. Calms the Mind. Clears Heat.

Conditions targeted*: EpilepsyStroke and others

Gan Cao is a king ingredient in Feng Yin Tang. Like the name indicates, it means it has more power than other ingredients in the formula.

In Feng Yin Tang, Gan Cao cools and resolves toxicity, but also harmonizes the many actions of this complex formula. 

Read more about Feng Yin Tang

Zhi Gan Cao Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Augments the Qi. Nourishes Yin. Nourishes the Blood. Restores the pulse.

Conditions targeted*: Irregular heartbeatsSick sinus syndrome and others

Gan Cao is a king ingredient in Zhi Gan Cao Tang. Like the name indicates, it means it has more power than other ingredients in the formula.

In Zhi Gan Cao Tang, Gan Cao augments the Qi of the Middle Burner.

Liquorice used here is pan fried with honey , thus it is more effective than the raw Liquorice in nourishing the Heart and restoring the heartbeat. 

Read more about Zhi Gan Cao Tang

Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang

Source date: 1247

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies Qi of the Spleen and Stomach (Middle Burner). Raises the Yang. Detoxifies. Lifts what has sunken.

Conditions targeted*: Chronic hepatitisArrhythmia and others

Gan Cao is a deputy ingredient in Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

In Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, Gan Cao is sweet and warm and tonify the Qi of the Middle Burner.

Read more about Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang

Bi Yu San

Source date: 1172 AD

Number of ingredients: 3 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Heat, cools Blood and relieves toxicity. Promotes urination. Eliminates Summer-Heat. Stops convulsions.

Conditions targeted*: Heatstroke and others

Gan Cao is a deputy ingredient in Bi Yu San. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

In Bi Yu San, Gan Cao harmonizes the Middle Burner and has a mild ability to clear Heat and resolve toxicity.

Together with Talc, they not only promotes urination, but also generates Body Fluids, thereby enabling the formula to perform its tasks without injuring the Qi or Body Fluids.

Read more about Bi Yu San

Liu Yi San

Source date: 1172 AD

Number of ingredients: 2 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Summer-Heat. Drains Dampness. Supplements Qi.

Conditions targeted*: Stomach fluGastroenteritis and others

Gan Cao is a deputy ingredient in Liu Yi San. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

In Liu Yi San, Gan Cao harmonizes the middle and has a mild ability to clear Heat and resolve toxicity. Its combination with Talc (Hua Shi) not only promotes urination, but also generates Fluids, thereby enabling the formula to perform its tasks without injuring the Qi or body Fluids.

Read more about Liu Yi San

Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang

Source date: 1174 AD

Number of ingredients: 14 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies Qi and Blood. Nourishes the Heart. Calms the spirit.

Conditions targeted*: AnemiaNonhealing ulcers and others

Gan Cao is a deputy ingredient in Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

In Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang, Gan Cao helps Ginseng tonify the Qi and harmonize all ingredients. 

Read more about Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang

E Jiao Ji Zi Huang Tang

Source date: the Qing dynasty

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Nourishes Yin. Nourishes Blood. Calms the Liver. Extinguishes Wind.

Conditions targeted*: EncephalitisMeningitis and others

Gan Cao is a deputy ingredient in E Jiao Ji Zi Huang Tang. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

In E Jiao Ji Zi Huang Tang, Gan Cao calms the Liver to extinguish Wind. The combination Gan Cao with Bai Shao (White Peony Roots) and is very effective in treating painful spasms.

Read more about E Jiao Ji Zi Huang Tang

Ju Yuan Jian

Source date: 1624 AD

Number of ingredients: 5 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies Qi and Blood.

Conditions targeted*: Heavy menstruationMetrorrhagia and others

Gan Cao is a deputy ingredient in Ju Yuan Jian. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

In Ju Yuan Jian, Gan Cao is sweet and warm and tonify the Qi of the Middle Burner.

Read more about Ju Yuan Jian

Gan Cao Gan Jiang Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 2 herbs

Formula key actions: Warms the Lungs. Strengthens the Stomach.

Conditions targeted*: EnuresisExcessive drooling and others

Gan Cao is a deputy ingredient in Gan Cao Gan Jiang Tang. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

In Gan Cao Gan Jiang Tang, Gan Cao tonifies the Qi. Together with Dried ginger, they warm and strengthen the Stomach, which in turn assist in resolving the Lungs disharmony.  According to the the five phases theory, nurturing the earth (Stomach) can generate the metal (Lungs). 

The combination of sweet and acrid herbs warms the Yang and augments the Qi in a balanced manner.

Read more about Gan Cao Gan Jiang Tang

Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Heat. Generates Body Fluids. Strengthens and regulates Qi.

Conditions targeted*: PneumoniaEncephalitis B and others

Gan Cao is a deputy ingredient in Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

In Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang, Gan Cao , together with Rice sprouts, serves two Functions.  They assist Ginseng in tonifying the Qi, and they harmonize the Middle Burner and nourish the Stomach, thereby protecting the Stomach against injury from Gypsum. 

Read more about Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang

Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin

Source date: 1202 AD

Number of ingredients: 14 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Toxic-Heat. Clears Wind-Heat .

Conditions targeted*: FurunclesCarbuncles and others

Gan Cao is a deputy ingredient in Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

In Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin, Gan Cao clear Heat from the throat and relieve the Toxic-Fire there.

Read more about Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin

Hui Yang Jiu Ji Tang

Source date: 1445 AD

Number of ingredients: 11 herbs

Formula key actions: Restores and revives the Yang. Augments the Qi. Revives the pulse.

Conditions targeted*: Myocardial infarctionCardiogenic shock and others

Gan Cao is a deputy ingredient in Hui Yang Jiu Ji Tang. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

In Hui Yang Jiu Ji Tang, Gan Cao Strengthening the Middle Burner helps to manage the distribution of Yang energy without impeding its replenishment.

It also serves as as envoy that harmonizes the formula and balance the slightly toxic nature of Prepared aconite。 

Read more about Hui Yang Jiu Ji Tang

Sheng Yang Yi Wei Tang

Source date: 1247 AD

Number of ingredients: 16 herbs

Formula key actions: Strengthens the Spleen. Augments the Qi. Raises the Yang. Releases Dampness.

Conditions targeted*: Atrophic gastritisChronic pelvic inflammatory disease and others

Gan Cao is a deputy ingredient in Sheng Yang Yi Wei Tang. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

In Sheng Yang Yi Wei Tang, Gan Cao warms and regulates the Middle Burner and moderates the draining property of Poria-cocos mushrooms.

Read more about Sheng Yang Yi Wei Tang

Ren Shen Ge Jie San

Source date: 1047 AD

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies the Qi. Augments the Kidneys. Stops coughing. Arrests wheezing.

Conditions targeted*: Bronchial asthmaEmphysema and others

Gan Cao is a deputy ingredient in Ren Shen Ge Jie San. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

In Ren Shen Ge Jie San, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs and assists in tonifying the source Qi.

With Poria-cocos mushroom, it focuses on the treatment of Spleen earth. They also treat problems of Lung metal and Kidney water via the generating and controlling relationships of the five phases. 

Read more about Ren Shen Ge Jie San

Gan Mai Da Zao Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 3 herbs

Formula key actions: Nourishes the Heart. Calms the Mind. Harmonizes the middle burner. Relaxes hypertonicity.

Conditions targeted*: General anxiety disorderHysteria and others

Gan Cao is a deputy ingredient in Gan Mai Da Zao Tang. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

In Gan Mai Da Zao Tang, Gan Cao nourishes the Heart, tonifies the Qi, and harmonizes the Middle Burner. It also clears Heat. 

Read more about Gan Mai Da Zao Tang

Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 2 herbs

Formula key actions: Nourishes the Blood and augments the Yin. Moderates painful spasms. Alleviates pain.

Conditions targeted*: Ligament spasm painTissue spam pain and others

Gan Cao is a deputy ingredient in Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

In Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang, Gan Cao augments the Qi of the Middle Burner, especially that of the Spleen, and moderates urgency.

Together, these two herbs regulate the relationship between the Liver and Spleen and nourish the sinews and Blood, which in turn stops the spasms and pain.

Read more about Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang

Jia Wei Xiao Yao San

Source date: Ming dynasty

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Liver and Spleen Qi Stagnation. Tonifies Spleen. Clears Deficient Heat. Nourishes the blood.

Conditions targeted*: InfertilityMenorrhagia and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Jia Wei Xiao Yao San. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Jia Wei Xiao Yao San, Gan Cao tonifies the Spleen and, when combined with White peony roots (as is the case here), helps reduce the spasms that are often a symptoms for patients that use this formula.

Read more about Jia Wei Xiao Yao San

Xiao Yao San

Source date: 1107 AD

Number of ingredients: 6 herbs

Formula key actions: Harmonizes the function of Liver and Spleen. Relieves Liver Qi stagnation. Nourishes the Blood.

Conditions targeted*: HepatitisCholecystitis and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Xiao Yao San. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Xiao Yao San, Gan Cao tonifies the Spleen and, when combined with White peony roots (as is the case here), helps reduce the spasms that are often a symptoms for patients that use this formula.

Read more about Xiao Yao San

Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 6 herbs

Formula key actions: Diuretic, clears Excess fluid and removes edema. Tonifies the Spleen Qi. Calms External Wind.

Conditions targeted*: AscitesEdema and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang, Gan Cao helps tonify the Spleen.

Read more about Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang

Er Chen Tang

Source date: 1148 AD

Number of ingredients: 5 herbs

Formula key actions: Dries Damp and dispels Phlegm. Regulates Qi and harmonizes the Middle Burner (Stomach and Spleen).

Conditions targeted*: Upper respiratory tract infectionsChronic bronchitis and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Er Chen Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Er Chen Tang, Gan Cao tonifies the Spleen

Read more about Er Chen Tang

Hao Qin Qing Dan Tang

Source date: Qing Dynasty

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Heat and relieves acute conditions of the Gallbladder. Relieves acute Damp-Heat syndromes. Resolves Phlegm. Harmonizes the Stomach.

Conditions targeted*: CholecystitisIcteric hepatitis and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Hao Qin Qing Dan Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Hao Qin Qing Dan Tang, Gan Cao , together with Talc (Hua Shi), Poria-cocos mushroom (Fu Ling) and Natural Indigo (Qing Dai), the other assistants in this formula, drain Damp Heat through the urine to break Stagnation in the Triple Burner

Read more about Hao Qin Qing Dan Tang

Xiao Chai Hu Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Treats the Lesser Yang Channels (Gallbladder and Triple Warmer). Regulates the Liver and Spleen functions. Addresses combined Yin-Yang symptoms of External and Internal, Excess and Deficiency, and Hot and Cold.

Conditions targeted*: HepatitisChronic cholecystitis and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Xiao Chai Hu Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

Read more about Xiao Chai Hu Tang

Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Regulates the downward flow of Stomach Qi. Expectorant, treats hiccups.

Conditions targeted*: HiccupsChronic gastritis and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

Read more about Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang

Da Qing Long Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Promotes sweating. Releases the Exterior. Clears Interior Heat.

Conditions targeted*: Upper respiratory tract infectionsInfluenza and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Da Qing Long Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

Read more about Da Qing Long Tang

Xiong Gui Er Chen Tang

Source date: 1575 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Resolves Damp-Phlegm. Nourishes Blood.

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Xiong Gui Er Chen Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Xiong Gui Er Chen Tang, Gan Cao tonifies the Spleen 

Read more about Xiong Gui Er Chen Tang

Yang Yin Qing Fei Tang

Source date: the 18th century

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Nourishes the Yin. Improves throat. Resolves toxicity. Clears the Lungs.

Conditions targeted*: DiphtheriaTonsillitis and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Yang Yin Qing Fei Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Yang Yin Qing Fei Tang, Gan Cao resolves toxicity, improves the condition of the throat, and harmonizes the actions of the other herbs in the formula.

Read more about Yang Yin Qing Fei Tang

Ba Zhen Tang

Source date: 1326 AD

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies and augments Qi. Tonifies and augments Blood.

Conditions targeted*: AnemiaHepatitis and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Ba Zhen Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Ba Zhen Tang, Gan Cao supplies Qi and harmonizes the Middle Burner.

Read more about Ba Zhen Tang

Mai Men Dong Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 6 herbs

Formula key actions: Nourishes the Stomach. Generates Body Fluids. Directs Rebellious Qi downward.

Conditions targeted*: Lung atrophyLaryngitis and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Mai Men Dong Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Mai Men Dong Tang, Gan Cao it has a relatively strong action in tonifying the Stomach. It can also improves the throat issue often encountered by patients who suffer from the patterns solved by this formula. 

Read more about Mai Men Dong Tang

Di Tan Tang

Source date: 1470 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Removes Phlegm. Opens the sensory orifices. Tonifies Qi.

Conditions targeted*: Cerebrovascular accidentSeizure disorder and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Di Tan Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Di Tan Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other ingredients and the functions of the Middle Burner. It also counteracts the toxicity of the key and deputy ingredients as well as promoting Qi dispersion throughout the Triple Burner.

Read more about Di Tan Tang

Dang Gui Si Ni Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Warms the Channels. Disperses Cold. Nourishes the Blood. Unblocks the Blood vessels.

Conditions targeted*: Vascular headacheRaynaud's disease and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Dang Gui Si Ni Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Dang Gui Si Ni Tang, Gan Cao supports Qi and strengthens the Spleen. It assists Dong Quai and White peony root in tonifying the Blood. It also helps Cinnamon twigs and Wild ginger in facilitating Qi flow. 

Read more about Dang Gui Si Ni Tang

Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang

Source date: Essentials from the Golden Cabinet

Number of ingredients: 6 herbs

Formula key actions: Directs rebellious Qi downward. Stops hiccup. Augments Qi. Clears heat.

Conditions targeted*: Morning sicknessIncomplete pyloric obstruction and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang, Gan Cao assists Ren Shen in augmenting the Qi and harmonizes the various actions of the other herbs in the formula

Read more about Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang

Yin Qiao San

Source date: 1798 AD

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Disperses Wind Heat. Clears Heat. Resolves Toxicity.

Conditions targeted*: Common coldInfluenza and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Yin Qiao San. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Yin Qiao San, Gan Cao creates Body Fluids and alleviates thirst. Also, Liquorice and Platycoden together are very strong in treating sore throat. 

Read more about Yin Qiao San

Wu Tou Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 6 herbs

Formula key actions: Warms the channels and remove obstruaction. Disperse Cold and Dampness. Warms the joints. Relieve joints pain.

Conditions targeted*: Joint painJoint stiffness and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Wu Tou Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Wu Tou Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs, detoxing and eases pain. 

Read more about Wu Tou Tang

Bai Hu Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 4 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Qi-level Heat. Drains Stomach Fire. Generates fluids. Alleviates thirst.

Conditions targeted*: MeningitisScarlet fever and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Bai Hu Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Bai Hu Tang, Gan Cao benefits the Stomach and protect the Fluids. It also helps prevent the extremely Cold properties of the other ingredients from injuring the Middle Burner.

Read more about Bai Hu Tang

Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 3 herbs

Formula key actions: Removes Heat and Dryness in the Lower Burner. Removes constipation.

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang, Gan Cao helps the other ingredients regulate and harmonize Stomach Qi by removing obstructions. 

Read more about Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang

Si Ni Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 3 herbs

Formula key actions: Rescues devastated Yang. Warms the Middle Burner. Stops diarrhea.

Conditions targeted*: Acute cardiac insufficiencyCerebrovascular insufficiency and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Si Ni Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Si Ni Tang, Gan Cao augments the Qi, strengthens the Spleen, reduces the toxicity and moderates the drying properties of the other herbs.

Read more about Si Ni Tang

Da Fang Feng Tang

Source date: 1107 AD

Number of ingredients: 14 herbs

Formula key actions: Expel Wind Damp. Relieve pain. Tonify the Liver and the Kidneys. Tonify the Blood and Qi.

Conditions targeted*: ArthralgiaCommon cold and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Da Fang Feng Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Da Fang Feng Tang, Gan Cao tonifies the Spleen so as to support the generating of the Blood and Qi. It is one of the four ingredients of the formula Si Jun Zi Tang that is commonly used for Qi and Blood tonifying. It also harmonizes the actions of other ingredients. 

Read more about Da Fang Feng Tang

Qing Re Gu Jing Tang

Source date: 1988

Number of ingredients: 11 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Empty Heat. Tonifies the Kidney Yin. Stops bleeding. Supplies Body Fluids.

Conditions targeted*: MetrorrhagiaThreatened miscarriage and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Qing Re Gu Jing Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Qing Re Gu Jing Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of all other herbs of the formula. 

Read more about Qing Re Gu Jing Tang

Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang

Source date: Craft of Medicines and Patterns for Children

Number of ingredients: 4 herbs

Formula key actions: Releases the muscle layer . Vents rashes.

Conditions targeted*: MeaslesHerpes zoster and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang, Gan Cao stregthens the Qi and remove Toxins thus helping the key and deputy berbs clearing Heat and venting the rash. The substitution of untreated Liquorice is common due to its ability to resolve toxicity at a  higher extent in comparison that of the honeyfried variety. 

Read more about Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang

Zai Zao San

Source date: 1445 AD

Number of ingredients: 12 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonfies the Yang . Augments the Qi. Induces sweating. Releases the Exterior.

Conditions targeted*: Rheumatic feverCommon cold and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Zai Zao San. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Zai Zao San, Gan Cao makes the Sweat-inducing actions of the other ingredients better.

Read more about Zai Zao San

Wen Pi Tang

Source date: 650 AD

Number of ingredients: 5 herbs

Formula key actions: Warms and tonifies the Spleen Yang. Clears Cold Evil.

Conditions targeted*: Ulcerative colitisChronic bacillary dysentery and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Wen Pi Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Wen Pi Tang, Gan Cao strengthens the Qi.

It follows the principle that, in order to assist and warm the Spleen Yang, Qi must be augmented. 

It also functions as an envoy to harmonize the contradictory functions of the different herbs in the formula, accommodating heating with cooling and tonifying with draining. 

Read more about Wen Pi Tang

Huang Lian Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Regulates Cold and Heat. Harmonizes the Stomach. Directs Rebellious Qi downward.

Conditions targeted*: GastritisHyperacidic stomach and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Huang Lian Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Huang Lian Tang, Gan Cao augments the Qi and strengthen the Spleen, assisting the Middle Burner to maintain its normal functions along with other assistants.

Also serving as the envoy, it has the additional task of harmonizing the opposing flavors and actions unfolded by the various herbs in this formula.

Read more about Huang Lian Tang

Xie Bai San

Source date: 1119 AD

Number of ingredients: 4 herbs

Formula key actions: Drains Heat from the Lungs . Calms wheezing.

Conditions targeted*: Early stage measlesPneumonia and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Xie Bai San. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Xie Bai San, Gan Cao protects the Stomach from the cold properties of the other herbs. 

Read more about Xie Bai San

Bu Fei E Jiao Tang

Source date: 1119 AD

Number of ingredients: 6 herbs

Formula key actions: Nourishes the Yin. Controls coughing. Stops bleeding. Tonifies the Lungs.

Conditions targeted*: Chronic bronchitisBronchiectasis and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Bu Fei E Jiao Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Bu Fei E Jiao Tang, Gan Cao tonifies the Spleen and benefit the Lungs.

The combination of Glutinous rice and Liquorice  cultivates the earth (Spleen) to generate metal (Lungs) in order to tonify the Lungs and prevents
the other herbs from disrupting the digestive process.

Read more about Bu Fei E Jiao Tang

Bu Dai Wan

Source date: Late Ming

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Expels roundworms. Reduces nutritional impairment in children . Tonifies the Spleen and Stomach.

Conditions targeted*: AscariasisParasitic infestation and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Bu Dai Wan. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Bu Dai Wan, Gan Cao benefit the Spleen and fortify the Qi of the Middle Burner. 

Read more about Bu Dai Wan

Huang Qin Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 4 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Heat. Alleviates dysenteric disorders. Stops pain . Harmonizes the Middle Burner.

Conditions targeted*: Bacillary dysenteryAcute colitis and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Huang Qin Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Huang Qin Tang, Gan Cao resolves toxicity and, in conjunction with  Jujube dates (Da zao), harmonizes the Middle Burner, augments the Qi, and enriches the Yin.

Both herbs thus serve as assistants and envoys in this formula.

Read more about Huang Qin Tang

Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang

Source date: 1852 AD

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears summerheat. Augments the Qi. Nourishes the Yin. Generates Body Fluids.

Conditions targeted*: HyperthermiaHeat stroke and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang, Gan Cao augment the Qi and nourish the Stomach.

Not only it assists in treating the underlying condition, they also prevent the cloying nature of the Yin-nourishing herbs and the cold nature of the Heat-clearing herbs from upsetting the Stomach.

Read more about Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang

Bai Zhu Fu Zi Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 5 herbs

Formula key actions: Warms the channels. Disperses Cold. Strenghtens the Middle Burner. Promotes the resolution of Dampness .

Conditions targeted*: Degenerative joint diseasePost-stroke debility and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Bai Zhu Fu Zi Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Bai Zhu Fu Zi Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the Nutritive and Protective Qi, assists the Qi transformation
of the Middle Burner, and soothes the diverse actions of the formula into a single whole.

Read more about Bai Zhu Fu Zi Tang

Gui Zhi Ren Shen Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 5 herbs

Formula key actions: Releases the Exterior. Warms the Interior. Augments the Qi. Eliminates focal distention .

Conditions targeted*: Peptic ulcersChronic cholecystitis and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Gui Zhi Ren Shen Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Gui Zhi Ren Shen Tang, Gan Cao is sweet and balanced. It enters the Spleen to harmonize the entire formula and assist Ginseng and Atractylodes rhizome in strengthening the Spleen .

Read more about Gui Zhi Ren Shen Tang

Guo Qi Yin

Source date: 1602 AD

Number of ingredients: 11 herbs

Formula key actions: Warms the menses. Dispels blood Stagnation. Nourishes the blood .

Conditions targeted*: Irregular menstruationDysmenorrhea and others

Gan Cao is an assistant ingredient in Guo Qi Yin. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

In Guo Qi Yin, Gan Cao softens the Liver and moderates the pain.

Cold contributes to the Blood Stagnation and intensifies Blood Stagnation by causing the vessels to contract.

Read more about Guo Qi Yin

Si Jun Zi Tang

Source date: 1107 AD

Number of ingredients: 4 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies Qi. Strengthens the Spleen and Stomach.

Conditions targeted*: Chronic gastritisPeptic ulcers and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Si Jun Zi Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Si Jun Zi Tang, Gan Cao warms and regulates the Middle Burner and moderates the draining property of Poria-cocos mushrooms.

Read more about Si Jun Zi Tang

Liu Jun Zi Tang

Source date: 1107

Number of ingredients: 6 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies Qi. Strengthens the Spleen and Stomach. Clears Phlegm and mucus. Promotes appetite.

Conditions targeted*: AnorexiaPeptic ulcers and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Liu Jun Zi Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Liu Jun Zi Tang, Gan Cao warms and regulates the Middle Burner and moderates the draining property of Poria-cocos mushrooms.

Read more about Liu Jun Zi Tang

Chai Hu Shu Gan San

Source date: 1602

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Disperses Stagnant Liver Qi and Blood. Alleviates pain. Harmonizes Blood.

Conditions targeted*: HepatitisChronic gastritis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Chai Hu Shu Gan San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Chai Hu Shu Gan San, Gan Cao is used as an envoy to harmonize the various actions of the other herbs.

Read more about Chai Hu Shu Gan San

Tao He Cheng Qi Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 5 herbs

Formula key actions: Dispels Heat and. Eliminates Blood Stagnation.

Conditions targeted*: LeiomyomaRetained placenta and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Tao He Cheng Qi Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Tao He Cheng Qi Tang, Gan Cao protects the Stomach and the Middle Burner by moderating the detrimental effects of the other ingredients in this formula.

Read more about Tao He Cheng Qi Tang

Bai He Gu Jin Tang

Source date: 1573 AD

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Nourishes Lung and Kidney Yin. Lubricates the Lung and clears phlegm.

Conditions targeted*: Chronic bronchitisChronic pharyngitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Bai He Gu Jin Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Bai He Gu Jin Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs and, in combination with Platycodon root (Jie Geng), improves the status of the throat.

Read more about Bai He Gu Jin Tang

Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang

Source date: 1732 AD

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Dries and dissolves Phlegm. Strengthens the Spleen. Smoothes the Liver and calms Liver Wind (antispasmodic).

Conditions targeted*: Meniere's diseaseHypertension and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs and mildly regulates the functions of the Middle-Burner

Read more about Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang

Ding Chuan Tang

Source date: 1550 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Lung Heat. Expectorant for asthma.

Conditions targeted*: Chronic bronchitisAsthma and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Ding Chuan Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Ding Chuan Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other ingredients in the formula.

Read more about Ding Chuan Tang

Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Heat and inflammations. Unblocks the flow of Yang Qi and promotes movement (in areas with painful obstruction). Clears Wind and Damp. Relieves pain.

Conditions targeted*: Rheumatoid arthritisConnective tissue disorders and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs and regulates the functions of the Middle Burner.

Read more about Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang

Juan Bi Tang

Source date: 1178 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies and harmonizes the Protective and Nutritive Qi. Dispels Wind. Eliminates Dampness.

Conditions targeted*: Periarthritis of the shoulderRheumatoid arthritis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Juan Bi Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Juan Bi Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the functions of the other herbs.

Read more about Juan Bi Tang

Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang

Source date: 650 AD

Number of ingredients: 15 herbs

Formula key actions: Anti-rheumatic, clears Wind, Cold and Damp Stagnation. Strengthens the function of the Liver and Kidney. Tonifies Qi and Blood.

Conditions targeted*: Chronic lower back painSciatica and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, Gan Cao tonifies the middle Qi and harmonizes the actions of the other herbs in the formula.

Read more about Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang

Ling Gan Wu Wei Jiang Xin Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 5 herbs

Formula key actions: Warms the Lungs. Transforms congested Fluids.

Conditions targeted*: Chronic bronchitisChronic asthma and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Ling Gan Wu Wei Jiang Xin Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Ling Gan Wu Wei Jiang Xin Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the Middle Burner and the actions of the other herbs in the formula.

Read more about Ling Gan Wu Wei Jiang Xin Tang

Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Reverses the flow of Rebellious Stomach Qi. Relieves both Heat and Cold Stagnation in the gastrointestinal tract.

Conditions targeted*: Peptic ulcersGastroesophageal reflux disease and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang, Gan Cao helps the assistant herbs tonify the middle Qi and harmonizes the actions of the other ingredients.

Read more about Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang

Xiao Qing Long Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Releases the Exterior. Transforms Phlegm-Fluids. Warms the Lungs. Directs Rebellious Qi downward.

Conditions targeted*: Upper respiratory tract infectionsBronchitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Xiao Qing Long Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Xiao Qing Long Tang, Gan Cao augments the Qi and harmonizes the interaction of the other herbs.

Read more about Xiao Qing Long Tang

Long Dan Xie Gan Tang

Source date: 1682 AD

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Heat and Fire from the Liver and Gallbladder. Clears and drains Damp-Heat from the Lower Burner.

Conditions targeted*: FurunclesPurulent otitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Long Dan Xie Gan Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the Middle Burner and regulate the actions of the other herbs in the formula.

Read more about Long Dan Xie Gan Tang

Zuo Gui Yin

Source date: 1624 AD

Number of ingredients: 6 herbs

Formula key actions: Nourishes the Yin. Tonifies the Kidneys.

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Zuo Gui Yin. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Zuo Gui Yin, Gan Cao harmonizes all ingredients. 

Read more about Zuo Gui Yin

Ba Zheng San

Source date: 1107 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Heat and Fire. Promotes urination. Unblocks painful urinary dribbling.

Conditions targeted*: GlomerulonephritisCystitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Ba Zheng San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Ba Zheng San, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of all ingredients and relieves the abdominal pain. The combination of Liquorice and talc also assist to ease irritability.

Read more about Ba Zheng San

Wan Dai Tang

Source date: 1826 AD

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies the Middle Burner. Removes Dampness. Stops vaginal discharge. Strengthens the Spleen.

Conditions targeted*: PreeclampsiaOtitis media and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Wan Dai Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Wan Dai Tang, Gan Cao assists the chief herbs in tonifying the Middle Burner and harmonizes the actions of the other ingredients.

Read more about Wan Dai Tang

Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 4 herbs

Formula key actions: Warms and transforms Phlegm-Fluids. Strengthens the Spleen. Resolves Dampness.

Conditions targeted*: Meniere's diseaseBasilar insufficiency and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang, Gan Cao strengthen the Qi of the Middle Burner. It has a slight
tendency to cause Stagnation, but it can be effectively counteracted by Fu Ling (Poria-cocos mushroom)

Gui Zhi (Cinnamon twigs), when combined with Gan Cao, transforms its sweetness into Yang through its own acrid and moving nature.

Read more about Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang

Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang

Source date: 1830 AD

Number of ingredients: 11 herbs

Formula key actions: Invigorates the Blood. Dispels blood Stagnation. Spreads the Liver Qi. Unblocks the channels.

Conditions targeted*: Coronary artery diseaseRheumatic valvular heart disease and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang, Gan Cao regulates and harmonizes all ingredients. 

Read more about Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang

Gui Zhi Jia Long Gu Mu Li Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Rectifies relationship between Yin and Yang. Harmonizes Heart and Kidney. Stabilizes and secures Essence.

Conditions targeted*: EnuresisUrinary incontinence and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Gui Zhi Jia Long Gu Mu Li Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

Read more about Gui Zhi Jia Long Gu Mu Li Tang

Xiao Jian Zhong Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 6 herbs

Formula key actions: Warms and tonifies the Middle Burner (Spleen and Stomach). Tonifies Qi. Relieves spasmodic pain.

Conditions targeted*: Chronic gastritisPeptic ulcers and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Xiao Jian Zhong Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Xiao Jian Zhong Tang, Gan Cao works with the deputy herbs to stop spasmodic abdominal pain. It also harmonizes the functions of the Middle Burner and of the formula in general.

Read more about Xiao Jian Zhong Tang

Ping Wei San

Source date: 1051 AD

Number of ingredients: 4 herbs

Formula key actions: Dries Dampness. Improves the Spleen's transportive function. Promotes the movement of Qi. Harmonizes the Stomach.

Conditions targeted*: Peptic ulcersChronic gastritis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Ping Wei San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Ping Wei San, Gan Cao tonifies the Spleen and enhances their Spleen-strengthening properties of the formula's other ingredients.

Read more about Ping Wei San

Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San

Source date: 1107 AD

Number of ingredients: 11 herbs

Formula key actions: Releases the Exterior. Transforms Dampness. Regulates Qi. Harmonizes the Middle Burner.

Conditions targeted*: GastroenteritisStomach flu and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs and regulate the Spleen and Stomach.

Read more about Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San

Si Ni San

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 4 herbs

Formula key actions: Regulates Liver and Spleen. Eliminates Internal Heat.

Conditions targeted*: CholecystitisCholelithiasis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Si Ni San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Si Ni San, Gan Cao harmonizes the various actions of the other herbs in the formula and strengthens the Spleen to curb the Liver.

Read more about Si Ni San

Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang

Source date: Qing dynasty

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Cools the Liver. Extinguishes Wind. Increases Fluids. Relaxes the sinews.

Conditions targeted*: EncephalitisMeningitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang, Gan Cao regulates and harmonizes the actions of the other ingredients.

Read more about Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang

Ma Huang Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 4 herbs

Formula key actions: Releases exterior cold. Treats wheezing.

Conditions targeted*: InfluenzaRheumatic fever and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Ma Huang Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Ma Huang Tang, Gan Cao balances the actions of the other herbs by harmonizing the diaphoretic effect of Ephedrae, and counterbalancing the slight toxicity of Apricot seed. 

Read more about Ma Huang Tang

Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang

Source date: 650 AD

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Directs rebellious Qi downward. Arrests wheezing. Stops coughing. Warms and transforms Phlegm-Cold.

Conditions targeted*: Chronic bronchitisEmphysema and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the Middle Burner (which helps resolve the Phlegm) as well as the actions of the other ingredients.

Read more about Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang

Li Zhong Wan

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 4 herbs

Formula key actions: Warms the Middle Burner. Strengthens the Spleen and Stomach.

Conditions targeted*: GastroenteritisPeptic ulcers and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Li Zhong Wan. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Li Zhong Wan, Gan Cao augments the Qi of the Middle Burner and harmonizes the actions of the other herbs in the formula.

Read more about Li Zhong Wan

Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 4 herbs

Formula key actions: Invigorates Lung Qi. Clears Heat. Calms wheezing by directing rebellious Qi downward.

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other ingredients. It also moistens the Lungs and stops coughing. 

Read more about Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang

Dao Chi San

Source date: 1119 AD

Number of ingredients: 4 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears the Heart. Promotes urination.

Conditions targeted*: StomatitisOral thrush and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Dao Chi San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Dao Chi San, Gan Cao treats painful urinary dribbling, in addition to resolving toxicity and harmonizing the actions of the other herbs in the formula.

Read more about Dao Chi San

Ge Gen Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Releases the Exterior and muscle layer. Forms Body Fluids.

Conditions targeted*: Common coldCervical spine disease and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Ge Gen Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Ge Gen Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs. Together with White peony root, it treats neck and back stiffness by relieving muscle spasms. 

Read more about Ge Gen Tang

Ge Geng Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 4 herbs

Formula key actions: Releases the Exterior. Drains Heat.

Conditions targeted*: Stomach fluAcute enteritis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Ge Geng Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Ge Geng Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs and protects the Middle Burner from further injury.

Read more about Ge Geng Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang

Wu Lin San

Source date: 1107 AD

Number of ingredients: 5 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears heat. Cools the Blood. Promotes urination. Unblocks painful urinary dribbling.

Conditions targeted*: UrethritisCystitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Wu Lin San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Wu Lin San, Gan Cao drains Fire, resolves toxicity, and harmonizes the actions of the other ingredients.

Read more about Wu Lin San

Ren Shen Bai Du San

Source date: 1119 AD

Number of ingredients: 12 herbs

Formula key actions: Releases the Exterior. Dispels Wind and Dampness. Augments Qi.

Conditions targeted*: Common coldInfluenza and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Ren Shen Bai Du San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Ren Shen Bai Du San, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other ingredients and assisting Ginseng in tonifying general Qi

Read more about Ren Shen Bai Du San

Jing Fang Bai Du San

Source date: 1550 AD

Number of ingredients: 13 herbs

Formula key actions: Releases the Exterior. Dispels Wind and Dampness. Augments Qi.

Conditions targeted*: Common coldInfluenza and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Jing Fang Bai Du San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Jing Fang Bai Du San, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other ingredients and assisting Ginseng in tonifying general Qi

Read more about Jing Fang Bai Du San

Sang Ju Yin

Source date: 1798 AD

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Disperses Wind. Stops coughing by invigorating Lung Qi. Clears Heat.

Conditions targeted*: Common coldInfluenza and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Sang Ju Yin. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Sang Ju Yin, Gan Cao helps clear the Heat and harmonizes the actions of the other herbs.

Read more about Sang Ju Yin

Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang

Source date: 1247 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Expels wind and dampness.

Conditions targeted*: Rheumatic feverUpper respiratory tract infections and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs of the formula. 

Read more about Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang

Gui Zhi Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 5 herbs

Formula key actions: Releases pathogens from the muscle layer. Regulates the Nutritive and Protective Qi.

Conditions targeted*: Common coldInfluenza and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Gui Zhi Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Gui Zhi Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other ingredients.

Read more about Gui Zhi Tang

Shu Jing Huo Xue Tang

Source date: 1587 AD

Number of ingredients: 16 herbs

Formula key actions: Expels Wind Damp from the Channels. Invigorates Blood. Unblocks the channels.

Conditions targeted*: ArthralgiaBell's palsy and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Shu Jing Huo Xue Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Shu Jing Huo Xue Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of all other herbs. 

Read more about Shu Jing Huo Xue Tang

Wei Ling Tang

Source date: 1481 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Promotes urination. Warms the Yang. Strengthens the Spleen. Drains Dampness. Promotes the movement of Qi. Harmonizes the Stomach.

Conditions targeted*: EdemaGastritis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Wei Ling Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Wei Ling Tang, Gan Cao tonifies the Spleen and enhances their Spleen-strengthening properties of the formula's other ingredients.

Read more about Wei Ling Tang

Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang

Source date: 1658 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears dryness. Moistens the Lungs.

Conditions targeted*: InfluenzaAcute bronchitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs in the formula. It also tonifies Qi and harmonizes the Middle Burner. It supports the 'mother' (Spleen) in order to benefit the 'child' (Lungs). 

Read more about Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang

Shen Tong Zhu Yu Tang

Source date: 1830

Number of ingredients: 12 herbs

Formula key actions: Invigorates Blood. Unblocks painful obstruction. Relieves pain. Invigorate Qi. Dispels Blood Stagnation. Unblock Channels.

Conditions targeted*: Muscle crampsArthralgia and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Shen Tong Zhu Yu Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Shen Tong Zhu Yu Tang, Gan Cao regulates and harmonizes all ingredients. 

Read more about Shen Tong Zhu Yu Tang

Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang

Source date: 1918 AD

Number of ingredients: 12 herbs

Formula key actions: Sedates the Liver. Axtinguishes Wind. Nourishes the Yin. Anchors the yang.

Conditions targeted*: HypertensionRenal hypertension and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang, Gan Cao regulates and harmonizes the actions of the other ingredients.

Read more about Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang

Huang Qi Jian Zhong Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Warms and tonifies the Middle Burner (Spleen and Stomach). Tonifies Qi. Relieves spasmodic pain.

Conditions targeted*: Gastric ulcerGastralgia and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Huang Qi Jian Zhong Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Huang Qi Jian Zhong Tang, Gan Cao works with the deputy herbs to stop spasmodic abdominal pain. It also harmonizes the functions of the Middle Burner and of the formula in general.

Read more about Huang Qi Jian Zhong Tang

Bu Gan Tang

Source date: 1742 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies and regulates the Blood. Nourishes the Liver Yin.

Conditions targeted*: PhotophobiaAnemia and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Bu Gan Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Bu Gan Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of all other ingredients of the formula. 

Read more about Bu Gan Tang

Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang

Source date: 1308 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Induces sweating . Dispels Dampness. Expels Wind-Cold. Clears Interior Heat .

Conditions targeted*: Common coldMigraine and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the the actions of the other herbs and the Middle Burner

Read more about Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang

Jia Wei Xiang Su San

Source date: 1732 AD

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Promote sweating . Releases the Exterior .

Conditions targeted*: Common coldInfluenza and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Jia Wei Xiang Su San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Jia Wei Xiang Su San, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs. It also strengthens the
Stomach and prevents the Qi regulating herbs from consuming
the Qi.

Read more about Jia Wei Xiang Su San

Shi Shen Tang

Source date: 1107 AD

Number of ingredients: 11 herbs

Formula key actions: Releases pathogens from the Exterior . Regulates Qi . Descends the Lung Qi . Relieves coughing .

Conditions targeted*: Common coldInfluenza and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Shi Shen Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Shi Shen Tang, Gan Cao tonifies and harmonizes the Middle Burner

It also harmonizes all the ingredients. It helps these ingredients in reaching their three purposes:

  • releases Wind-Cold from the Exterior;
  • Regulates the Qi in the Triple Burners and
  • relieves specific symptoms such as headache or nasal congestion.

Read more about Shi Shen Tang

Jin Fei Cao San

Source date: 1107 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Disperses Wind-Cold. Descends Lung Qi. Transform Phlegm . Stop cough and calms wheezing .

Conditions targeted*: Common coldInfluenza and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Jin Fei Cao San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Jin Fei Cao San, Gan Cao harmonizes the Middle Burner, strengthens Qi, and harmonizes the various actions of the herbs in the formula.

Read more about Jin Fei Cao San

Jing Jie Lian Qiao Tang

Source date: 1773 AD

Number of ingredients: 12 herbs

Formula key actions: Dispels Wind. Clears toxic-Heat. Disperses Stagnation.

Conditions targeted*: RhinitisTonsillitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Jing Jie Lian Qiao Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Jing Jie Lian Qiao Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the effects of the other ingredients present in the formula

Read more about Jing Jie Lian Qiao Tang

Jia Jian Wei Rui Tang

Source date: Qing dynasty

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Nourishes the Yin. Clears Heat. Induces Sweating. Releases the Exterior.

Conditions targeted*: Common coldAcute tonsilitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Jia Jian Wei Rui Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Jia Jian Wei Rui Tang, Gan Cao helps the key herb, Angular solomon's seal root in moistening the Dryness and harmonizing the actions of the other ingredients.

Read more about Jia Jian Wei Rui Tang

Huang Long Tang

Source date: 1445 AD

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Clear Heat from the Interior . Supports the Original Qi.

Conditions targeted*: TyphoidParatyphoid and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Huang Long Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Huang Long Tang, Gan Cao assists the other tonifying ingredients in supporting the normal Qi and strengthening the Stomach and Spleen.

It also plays a role to harmonize the actions of the other ingredients.

Read more about Huang Long Tang

Jie Nue Qi Bao Yin

Source date: 1107

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Regulates Cold and Heat. Harmonizes the Stomach. Directs rebellious Qi downward.

Conditions targeted*: Malaria and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Jie Nue Qi Bao Yin. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Jie Nue Qi Bao Yin, Gan Cao plays a role of harmonizing the action of the whole formula while tonifying the Stomach and Spleen.

Read more about Jie Nue Qi Bao Yin

Qing Pi Tang

Source date: 1253 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Harmonizes and resolves. Transforms Phlegm and dries Dampness. Improves the Spleen's transportive function. Clears Heat. Moves Qi.

Conditions targeted*: Malaria and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Qing Pi Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Qing Pi Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the formula and moderates its harshness.

Read more about Qing Pi Tang

Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang

Source date: 1445 AD

Number of ingredients: 11 herbs

Formula key actions: Releases pathogenic evils from the muscle layer . Clears Interior Heat .

Conditions targeted*: Common coldInfluenza and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs.

Together with Platycodon root, it also helps clear Heat from the Upper Burner, especially from the throat.

Read more about Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang

Zhu Ye Cheng Liu Tang

Source date: 1613 AD

Number of ingredients: 11 herbs

Formula key actions: Releases the Exterior. Vents rashes. Clears. Generates Body Fluids.

Conditions targeted*: MeaslesChickenpox and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Zhu Ye Cheng Liu Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Zhu Ye Cheng Liu Tang, Gan Cao clears Heat, resolves Toxicity, and harmonizes the actions of the other herbs in the formula.

Read more about Zhu Ye Cheng Liu Tang

Da Yuan Yin

Source date: 1642 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Opens the membrane source by thrusting out pathogens. Clears away filth. Transforms turbidity.

Conditions targeted*: MalariaInfluenza and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Da Yuan Yin. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Da Yuan Yin, Gan Cao plays a role of harmonizing the actions of the herbs present in the formula.

Read more about Da Yuan Yin

Chai Hu Gui Jiang Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Harmonizes and releases the Lesser Yang. Removes Stagnation . Warms the Interior. Dispels Cold.

Conditions targeted*: Common coldMalaria and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Chai Hu Gui Jiang Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Chai Hu Gui Jiang Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the opposing flavors and qualities of the herbs in the formula, enabling them to disperse the pathogens that are at the root of this disorder while replenishing the body's own true Qi.

Read more about Chai Hu Gui Jiang Tang

Liang Ge San

Source date: 1107 AD

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Drains Fire. Unblocks the bowels by clearing the Upper Burner. Draining the Middle Burner.

Conditions targeted*: PharyngitisStomatitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Liang Ge San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Liang Ge San, Gan Cao along with small amount of honey, acts as envoys that moderate and harmonize the fierce action of Rhubarb and Mirabilit. It also protects the Stomach and preventing the abdominal pain that sometimes accompanies the use of purgative herbs.

Read more about Liang Ge San

Qing Wen Bai Du Yin

Source date: 1794 AD

Number of ingredients: 14 herbs

Formula key actions: Drains Fire. Resolves Toxicity. Dries Dampness.

Conditions targeted*: MeningitisEncephalitis B and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Qing Wen Bai Du Yin. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Qing Wen Bai Du Yin, Gan Cao clears Heat from the Qi level according to the Four Level Theory

Read more about Qing Wen Bai Du Yin

Hua Ban Tang

Source date: 1798 AD

Number of ingredients: 6 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Qi-level Heat. Cools the Blood.

Conditions targeted*: Macular rash and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Hua Ban Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Hua Ban Tang, Gan Cao supplies the Middle Burner Qi and harmonizes the actions of the other ingredients.

Read more about Hua Ban Tang

Xin Yi Qing Fei Yin

Source date: 1617

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Spreads Lung Qi. Clears Heat. Unblocks the orifices (specifically the nose) .

Conditions targeted*: Nasal polypsSinusitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Xin Yi Qing Fei Yin. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Xin Yi Qing Fei Yin, Gan Cao harmonizing the formula, clearing Heat, and resolving Toxicity.

Read more about Xin Yi Qing Fei Yin

Xie Huang San

Source date: 1119 AD

Number of ingredients: 5 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Stagnant Fire from the Spleen and Stomach.

Conditions targeted*: Apthous ulcersOral thrush and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Xie Huang San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Xie Huang San, Gan Cao regulate the Middle Burner, drain Fire, and harmonize the actions of the other ingredients in the formula.

Read more about Xie Huang San

Zi Xue Dan

Source date: 752 AD

Number of ingredients: 17 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Heat. Opens the sensory orifices. Controls spasms and convulsions. Extinguishes Wind.

Conditions targeted*: Acute encephalitisAcute meningitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Zi Xue Dan. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Zi Xue Dan, Gan Cao helps resolve toxicity, harmonize the Stomach, and protect it from injury by the heavy mineral ingredients.

Read more about Zi Xue Dan

Hui Chun Dan

Source date: Late 18th century

Number of ingredients: 19 herbs

Formula key actions: Opens the sensory orifices. Arrests spasms and convulsions. Clears Heat and transforms Phlegm.

Conditions targeted*: Acute encephalitisAcute meningitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Hui Chun Dan. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Hui Chun Dan, Gan Cao clears Heat as well as regulates and harmonizes the actions of the other ingredients.

Read more about Hui Chun Dan

Huang Tu Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Warms the Yang. Strengthens the Spleen. Nourishes the Blood. Stops bleeding.

Conditions targeted*: Chronic hemorrhagic gastritisPeptic ulcers and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Huang Tu Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Huang Tu Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the Middle Burner and the actions of the other herbs in the formula.

Read more about Huang Tu Tang

Xiao Feng San

Source date: 1617 AD

Number of ingredients: 13 herbs

Formula key actions: Disperses Wind. Eliminates Dampness. Clears Heat. Cools the Blood.

Conditions targeted*: UrticariaEczema and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Xiao Feng San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Xiao Feng San, Gan Cao

clears Heat, resolves toxicity, and harmonizes the actions of the other herbs.

Read more about Xiao Feng San

Zhi Sou San

Source date: 1732 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Transforms Phlegm and stops coughing. Disperses the Exterior. Spreads the Lung Qi.

Conditions targeted*: Upper respiratory tract infectionsAcute bronchitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Zhi Sou San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Zhi Sou San, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs. It is very effective in treating throat disorders due to externally-contracted wind, when used together with Japanese catnip and Platycodon root. 

Read more about Zhi Sou San

Shi Wei Bai Du San

Source date: 1760-1835 AD

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Dispels Wind and transforms Dampness. Clears Toxic Heat .

Conditions targeted*: AcneBoils and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Shi Wei Bai Du San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Shi Wei Bai Du San, Gan Cao harmonizes the formula and also resolves Toxicity. 

Read more about Shi Wei Bai Du San

San Zhong Kui Jian Tang

Source date: 1336 AD

Number of ingredients: 17 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Heat and resolves Toxicity. Reduces swelling. Induces ulceration. Moves the Blood and dispels stasis .

Conditions targeted*: GoiterScrofula and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in San Zhong Kui Jian Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In San Zhong Kui Jian Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes the formula, drains Fire, augments the Stomach qi, and also dispels sore toxins. 

Read more about San Zhong Kui Jian Tang

Qing Xin Li Ge Tang

Source date: 1602 AD

Number of ingredients: 13 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Toxic-Heat. Unblocks the stool. Benefits the throat .

Conditions targeted*: TonsillitisPeritonsillar abscess and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Qing Xin Li Ge Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Qing Xin Li Ge Tang, Gan Cao work with Wild mint to resolve Toxicity and disperse clumps, and to clear the throat. 

Read more about Qing Xin Li Ge Tang

Hai Tong Pi Tang

Source date: 1742 AD

Number of ingredients: 12 herbs

Formula key actions: Invigorates the Blood. Disperses swelling. Dispels Wind, Dampness and Cold. Removes Stagnation and relieves pain.

Conditions targeted*: Trauma and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Hai Tong Pi Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Hai Tong Pi Tang, Gan Cao moderates the pain and harmonizes the actions of the other ingredients. 

Read more about Hai Tong Pi Tang

Qing Xin Lian Zi Yin

Source date: 1107 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears the Heart. Augments the Qi and Yin. Stops turbid painful urinary dribbling.

Conditions targeted*: Chronic nephritisChronic prostatitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Qing Xin Lian Zi Yin. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Qing Xin Lian Zi Yin, Gan Cao harmonizes the many different actions of the formula. 

Read more about Qing Xin Lian Zi Yin

Shao Yao Tang

Source date: 1186 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Regulates and harmonizes the Qi and Blood. Clears Heat. Dries dampness. Resolves Toxicity.

Conditions targeted*: Acute enteritisUlcerative colitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Shao Yao Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Shao Yao Tang, Gan Cao is harmonizes the functions of the Stomach and protects its Qi from the harsh actions of the other herbs. It also moderates the spasms and relieves abdominal pain.

Read more about Shao Yao Tang

Qing Gu San

Source date: 1602 AD

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Heat from Deficiency. Alleviates steaming bone disorder.

Conditions targeted*: TuberculosisPostwound fevers and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Qing Gu San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Qing Gu San, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs and protects the Spleen and Stomach.

Read more about Qing Gu San

Gui Ling Gan Lu Yin

Source date: 1172 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Expels Summerheat. Clears Heat. Transforms Qi. Removes Dampness .

Conditions targeted*: Acute gastroenteritisCholera and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Gui Ling Gan Lu Yin. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Gui Ling Gan Lu Yin, Gan Cao harmonizes the diverse actions of the formula. It also helps Talc in clearing Heat and assists Poria and Atractylodes rhizome in strengthens the Spleen. 

Read more about Gui Ling Gan Lu Yin

Wu Ji San

Source date: 846 AD

Number of ingredients: 15 herbs

Formula key actions: Releases the Exterior. Warms the Interior. Smoothes the flow of Qi. Transforms Phlegm. Invigorates the Blood. Reduces Stagnation.

Conditions targeted*: BronchiolitisSciatica and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Wu Ji San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Wu Ji San, Gan Cao harmonizes the actions of the other herbs and strengthens the Middle Burner.

Read more about Wu Ji San

Fang Feng Tong Sheng San

Source date: 1172 AD

Number of ingredients: 17 herbs

Formula key actions: Disperses Wind. Releases the Exterior. Drains Heat. Unblocks the bowels.

Conditions targeted*: Common coldHypertension and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Fang Feng Tong Sheng San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Fang Feng Tong Sheng San, Gan Cao protects the Spleen by harmonizing the actions of the other herbs.

In concert with Platycodon root, it also improves the functioning of the throat to alleviate difficulty in swallowing.

Read more about Fang Feng Tong Sheng San

Bai Zi Yang Xin Tang

Source date: 1549 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Reinforces and strengthens Heart Qi. Calms the Mind. Nourishes and moistens the Heart Blood. Tonifies the Kidney Yin.

Conditions targeted*: DisorientationSevere palpitations and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Bai Zi Yang Xin Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Bai Zi Yang Xin Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes all the ingredients of the formula. 

Read more about Bai Zi Yang Xin Tang

Bai Zi Yang Xin Wan

Source date: 16th century

Number of ingredients: 12 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies the Heart Qi . Calms the Mind and clear anxiety . Nourish the Heart Blood .

Conditions targeted*: AnginaEndocarditis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Bai Zi Yang Xin Wan. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Bai Zi Yang Xin Wan, Gan Cao harmonizes the ingredients of the formula. 

Read more about Bai Zi Yang Xin Wan

Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San

Source date: 1107

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Disperses Wind. Removes pain .

Conditions targeted*: Upper respiratory tract infectionsMigraine headache and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San, Gan Cao cools, detoxifies, and harmonizes the actions of the other herbs in the formula.

Read more about Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San

Dang Gui Yin Zi

Source date: 1253 AD

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Nourishes the Blood. Moistens Dryness. Clears Heat. Dispels Wind. Relieves itching .

Conditions targeted*: UrticariaEczema and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Dang Gui Yin Zi. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Dang Gui Yin Zi, Gan Cao

clears Heat, resolves toxicity, and harmonizes the actions of the other herbs.

Read more about Dang Gui Yin Zi

Sha Shen Mai Men Dong Tang

Source date: 1798 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears and nourishes the Lungs and Stomach. Generates Body Fluids and moistens Dryness.

Conditions targeted*: PneumoniaBronchitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Sha Shen Mai Men Dong Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Sha Shen Mai Men Dong Tang, Gan Cao clears Heat and harmonizes the Middle Burner. It also regulates the functions of the other herbs. 

Read more about Sha Shen Mai Men Dong Tang

Suan Zao Ren Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 5 herbs

Formula key actions: Nourishes the Blood. Calms the Mind and eliminates irritability . Clears Heat.

Conditions targeted*: InsomniaSleep walking and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Suan Zao Ren Tang. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Suan Zao Ren Tang, Gan Cao performs multiple roles simultaneously.

Firstly, in conjunction with Fu Ling, it strengthens the Middle Burner and enhances Qi, ensuring a balanced distribution of Qi and Blood.

Secondly, being sweet in nature, it mitigates Liver hypertonicity. When paired with an herb like Suan Zao Ren, it embodies the concept of blending 'sour and sweet flavors' to shift the formula's effect towards 'the generation or protection of Yin.'

Lastly, it coordinates the effects of other herbs and brings harmony to the Middle Burner.

Read more about Suan Zao Ren Tang

Xin Yi San

Source date: 1253 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Disperses Wind-Cold. Unblocks the nasal passages.

Conditions targeted*: Nasal congestionAllergic rhinitis and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Xin Yi San. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Xin Yi San, Gan Cao tonifies Qi, moderates all ingredients of the formula and relieves pain. 

Read more about Xin Yi San

Pi Pa Qing Fei Yin

Source date: 1665 AD

Number of ingredients: 6 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Lung Heat . Cools the Blood . Clears Dampness. Invigorates the Blood.

Conditions targeted*: AcneFacial acne and others

Gan Cao is an envoy ingredient in Pi Pa Qing Fei Yin. This means that it directs the formula towards certain area of the body and/or harmonizes the actions of other ingredients.

In Pi Pa Qing Fei Yin, Gan Cao harmonizes the effect of other ingredients. It also moistens the Lung, resolves Toxic-Heat and Phlegm, stop coughing. 

Read more about Pi Pa Qing Fei Yin

Xing Su San

Source date: 1798 AD

Number of ingredients: 11 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Dry-Cold. Disseminates the Lung Qi and relieves cough. Transforms thin mucus.

Conditions targeted*: Common coldBronchitis and others

Read more about Xing Su San

Wen Dan Tang

Source date: 1174 AD

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Phlegm. Clears Gallbladder. Regulates Qi. Harmonizes the Stomach.

Conditions targeted*: HypertensionAngina and others

Read more about Wen Dan Tang

Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan

Source date: 1817 AD

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Resolves Dampness and Phlegm.

In Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan, Gan Cao harmonizes all ingredients

Read more about Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan

Gua Lou San

Source date: 1826 AD

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Remove breast carbuncle (mastitis) after birth giving.

In Gua Lou San, Gan Cao harmonizes all ingredients 

Read more about Gua Lou San

Tuo Li Xiao Du San

Source date: 1548 AD

Number of ingredients: 11 herbs

Formula key actions: Draws out toxicity. Expels pus from the interior. Tonifies Qi and Blood.

In Tuo Li Xiao Du San, Gan Cao harmonizes all other ingredients

Read more about Tuo Li Xiao Du San

Ge Xia Zhu Yu Tang

Source date: 1830 AD

Number of ingredients: 12 herbs

Formula key actions: Invigorates Blood. Eliminates Blood Stagnation below the diaphragm. Stops pain. Promotes Qi movement.

Conditions targeted*: AmenorrheaPainful menstruations and others

In Ge Xia Zhu Yu Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes all ingredients

Read more about Ge Xia Zhu Yu Tang

Wen Jing Tang

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 12 herbs

Formula key actions: Warms the Uterus and vessels. Nourishes Blood. Dispels Cold. Dispels Blood Stagnation.

Conditions targeted*: Dysfunctional uterine bleedingUterine hypoplasia and others

In Wen Jing Tang, Gan Cao tonifies Qi and harmonizes the Spleen and Stomach to strengthen the source of production and transformation so that Yang can produce Yin and the Blood may not be Deficient. It also harmonizes the actions of the various herbs in the formula. 

Read more about Wen Jing Tang

Ba Zhen Yi Mu Tang

Source date: 1624 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies Qi and Blood. Invigorates the Blood.

Conditions targeted*: Infertility and others

In Ba Zhen Yi Mu Tang, Gan Cao tonifies Qi and harmonizes the Middle Burner.

Read more about Ba Zhen Yi Mu Tang

Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San

Source date: 2002 AD

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Liver Fire from Stagnant Liver Qi.

In Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San, Gan Cao tonifies the Spleen and, when combined with White peony roots, helps reduce the spasms that are often a symptoms for patients that adopt this formula.

Read more about Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San

Xuan Yu Tong Jing Tang

Source date: 1826 AD

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Pacifies the Liver. Removes Stagnation. Drains Fire. Unblocks the Meridians.

In Xuan Yu Tong Jing Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes all ingredients

Read more about Xuan Yu Tong Jing Tang

Tiao Gan Tang

Source date: 1827 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Nourishes Kidney and Liver Yin.

In Tiao Gan Tang, Gan Cao harmonizes all ingredients

Read more about Tiao Gan Tang

Da Bu Yuan Jian

Source date: 1624 AD

Number of ingredients: 8 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies Yin and Blood. Nourishes Qi and Yang.

Conditions targeted*: Uterine prolapse and others

In Da Bu Yuan Jian, Gan Cao harmonizes all ingredients

Read more about Da Bu Yuan Jian

Da Ying Jian

Source date: 1624 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies Qi and Blood. Expels Cold.

In Da Ying Jian, Gan Cao tonifies Qi to nourishes Blood

Read more about Da Ying Jian

Wu Yao Tang

Source date: 1336 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Pacifies the Liver. Moves Qi. Stops pain. Nourishes Liver Blood. Eliminates Stagnation.

Conditions targeted*: Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and others

In Wu Yao Tang, Gan Cao is sweet, cool and relaxing. It serves as envoy to moderate the acrid and warming actions of the other herbs and harmonizes the diverse functions of the various ingredients.

Read more about Wu Yao Tang

Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang

Source date: 1675 AD

Number of ingredients: 9 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies Spleen and Stomach Qi. Removes Dampness. Moves Qi. Alleviates pain.

In Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang, Gan Cao warms and regulates the Middle Burner and moderates the draining property of Poria-cocos mushrooms.

Read more about Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang

Dang Gui Di Huang Yin

Source date: 1640 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Nourishes Blood. Tonifies Kidney and Liver Yin. Regulates the menstrual cycle.

In Dang Gui Di Huang Yin, Gan Cao harmonizes all ingredients

Read more about Dang Gui Di Huang Yin

Shi Quan Da Bu Tang

Source date: 1180 AD

Number of ingredients: 10 herbs

Formula key actions: Warms and tonifies Qi. Warms and tonifies Blood.

Conditions targeted*: AnemiaNervous exhaustion and others

In Shi Quan Da Bu Tang, Gan Cao warms and regulates the Middle Burner and moderates the draining property of Poria-cocos mushrooms.

Read more about Shi Quan Da Bu Tang

Bao Yuan Tang

Source date: 1624

Number of ingredients: 4 herbs

Formula key actions: Tonifies the Qi and warms the Yang.

Read more about Bao Yuan Tang

Huang Lian Wen Dan Tang

Source date: 1852 AD

Number of ingredients: 7 herbs

Formula key actions: Clears Hot Phlegm. Clears Gallbladder Heat. Regulates Qi. Harmonizes the Stomach.

Conditions targeted*: HypertensionAngina and others

Read more about Huang Lian Wen Dan Tang

Da Huang Zhe Chong Wan

Source date: 220 AD

Number of ingredients: 12 herbs

Formula key actions: Breaks up and dispels Blood Stagnation. Generates new Blood .

Conditions targeted*: Chronic hepatitisAlcoholic liver disease and others

In Da Huang Zhe Chong Wan, Gan Cao harmonizes the Middle Burner, tonifies Qi Deficiency, and regulates and harmonizes the actions of the other herbs.

It also helps prevent injury to the normal Qi from the harsh properties of those herbs that are used in breaking up Blood Stagnation

Read more about Da Huang Zhe Chong Wan

Xiang Sha Yang Wei Wan

Source date: 1587 AD

Number of ingredients: 13 herbs

Formula key actions: Strengthens and harmonizes the Spleen and Stomach. Resolves Dampness.

Conditions targeted*: Poor appetiteLoss of taste and others

In Xiang Sha Yang Wei Wan, Gan Cao harmonizes all ingredients of the formula. 

Read more about Xiang Sha Yang Wei Wan

Key TCM concepts behind Gan Cao's properties

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Gan Cao belongs to the 'Tonic herbs for Qi Deficiency' category. Tonic herbs are used for patterns of Deficiency, when one lacks one of the 'Four Treasures' (Qi, Blood, Yin and Yang). Qi tonics are typically sweet and they tend to enter the Spleen and Lungs because these Organs are most involved with the production of Qi.

Furthermore Gan Cao is Neutral in nature. This means that Gan Cao typically doesn't affect the balance in your body. Balance between Yin and Yang is a key health concept in TCM. Eating too many "Hot" (Yang) ingredients can lead to an imbalance whereby one has a Yang Excess. The inverse is true as well: too many "Cold" (Yin) ingredients can lead to a Yin Excess. The Neutral nature of Gan Cao means that you don't have to worry about that!

Gan Cao also tastes Sweet. The so-called 'Five Phases' theory in Chinese Medicine states that the taste of TCM ingredients is a key determinant of their action in the body. Sweet ingredients like Gan Cao tends to slow down acute reactions and detoxify the body. They also have a tonic effect because they replenish Qi and Blood.

The tastes of ingredients in TCM also determine what Organs and Meridians they target. As such Gan Cao is thought to target the Heart, the Lung, the Spleen and the Stomach. In addition to regulating Blood flow, in TCM the Heart is believed to be the store of the 'Mind' which basically refers to someone's vitality. In addition to performing respiration, the Lungs are thought in TCM to be a key part of the production chain for Qi and the Body Fluids that nourish the body. The Spleen assists with digestion, Blood coagulation and Fluids metabolism in the body. The Stomach is responsible for receiving and ripening ingested food and fluids. It is also tasked with descending the digested elements downwards to the Small Intestine.

Research on Gan Cao

In vivo and clinical studies have reported beneficial effects of both licorice and glycyrrhizin consumption including anti-ulcer, anti-viral, and hepatoprotective responses.1

Flavonoids extracted from Glycyrrhiza uralensis may have a potential antidepressant-like effect for chronic variable stress induced depression2

Sources:

1. Isbrucker RA, Burdock GA. ( 2006). Risk and safety assessment on the consumption of Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza sp.), its extract and powder as a food ingredient, with emphasis on the pharmacology and toxicology of glycyrrhizin. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. , 46(3):167-92. Epub 2006 Aug 1.

2.Z Zhao, W Wang, H Guo, D Zhou. (2008). Antidepressant-like effect of liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis in chronic variable stress induced depression model rats. Behavioural brain research, Elsevier

Use of Gan Cao as food

Gan Cao is also eaten as food. It is used as an ingredient in dishes such as Liquorice creme brulee or Licorice Caramel Candy.