Upper Abdominal Focal Distentionaccording to TCM
Symptom family: Abdominal Distension and Fullness
What is Upper Abdominal Focal Distention?
Upper abdominal focal distention signifies a localized swelling or tightness in the upper abdomen, distinct from general abdominal bloating. This condition, characterized by a perceptible hardening in the epigastric region, can cause discomfort and affect digestion. Unlike widespread abdominal distension, the focal nature of this symptom points to specific underlying imbalances in the body’s energetic and functional systems.
How does TCM view Upper Abdominal Focal Distention?
From the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), upper abdominal focal distention is seen through the lens of disharmony and imbalance within the body's Qi (energy), Body Fluids, and organ systems.
TCM identifies several patterns that can lead to this condition, including the Stagnation of Qi, the accumulation of Phlegm, and imbalances of Heat or Cold Evils in the Stomach and Spleen. Correct diagnosis of the underlying pattern is essential for effective treatment, guiding the choice of acupuncture, herbal remedies, and dietary recommendations.
Root Causes of Upper Abdominal Focal Distention in TCM
TCM attributes upper abdominal focal distention primarily to the influence of Phlegm, distinguishing between Damp-Phlegm and Phlegm-Heat as key underlying patterns. Damp-Phlegm results in physical obstructions within the digestive tract, leading to symptoms such as nausea, a feeling of stickiness, and a sensation of fullness in the chest alongside the distention.
Conversely, Phlegm-Heat may manifest through additional symptoms like coughing, breathlessness, and an intense feeling of heat, indicating a deeper disharmony within the Lungs or Middle Burner (digestive system).
Explore below more details about what might cause Upper abdominal focal distention according to TCM.
Phlegm
In TCM "Phlegm" as a pattern of disharmony is a complex concept that extends beyond the physical manifestation of mucus. It represents a pathological factor that can disrupt the flow of Qi (vital energy) and blood, leading to various health issues. Phlegm in TCM is seen as a sticky, turbid substance arising from the body's inability to metabolize fluids properly, often due to a dysfunction of the spleen. It's not only associated with respiratory problems like cough and congestion but also with systemic issues. Symptoms can include a feeling of heaviness, mental cloudiness, dizziness, and in some cases, the formation of lumps or masses. Phlegm can even be "invisible," contributing to emotional disturbances like depression or stress. ... see more
Phlegm Patterns That Can Lead to Upper Abdominal Focal Distention
Common Symptoms: Peptic Ulcer Dry Heaving Hepatitis Focal Distention Of The Chest Shortness Of Breath Pneumonia Abdominal Fullness Borborygmi With Diarrhea
| Pattern Name | Relevant Symptoms | Relevant Formulas |
|---|---|---|
| Damp-Phlegm | Epigastric focal distention, Profuse white sputum, Focal distention of the chest, Upper abdominal focal distention, Nausea, Sticky taste in the mouth, Absence of thirst, Obesity, Swollen limbs, Abdominal fat... see more | Er Chen Tang | Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang | Shen Qi Wan |
| Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs | Epigastric focal distention, Coughing, Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Stifling sensation in the chest, Sputum, Feeling of heat, Thirst, Head and body heaviness, Dizziness, Copious thick yellow sputum... see more | Xiao Xian Xiong Tang |
| Phlegm-Heat in the Middle Burner | Epigastric focal distention, Upper abdominal focal distention, Abdominal fullness, Dry heaving, Borborygmi with diarrhea, Lack of appetite, Peptic ulcer, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Gastritis, Chronic cholecystitis, Colitis... see more | Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang |
| Stomach Qi Deficiency with Phelgm | Hard epigastric focal distention, Persistent belching, Hiccups, Vomit, Nausea or vomiting, Upper abdominal focal distention, Chronic gastritis, Stomach prolapse, Stomach dilation, Peptic ulcer, Chronic hepatitis... see more | Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang |
| Phlegm-Fluids in the chest and hypochondrium | Hard focal distention in the epigastrium, Cough with chest pain, Upper abdominal focal distention, Dry heaving, Shortness of breath, Headaches, Vertigo, Pericardial effusion, Pneumonia, Ascites due to liver cirrhosis, Nephritis... see more | Shi Zao Tang |
Heat
In TCM "Heat" signifies an excess of Yang energy, leading to an imbalance where heat predominates over the body's cool Yin aspects. This condition is metaphorically akin to an internal over-heating. Symptoms indicative of Heat can include feelings of warmth, fever, sweating, irritability, red face, thirst with a preference for cold drinks, and a rapid pulse. The tongue may appear red with a yellow coating. Unlike the common interpretation of heat in terms of temperature, in TCM, it represents a state of hyperactivity or inflammation in the body.... see more
Heat Patterns That Can Lead to Upper Abdominal Focal Distention
Common Symptoms: Peptic Ulcer Hepatitis Abdominal Fullness Dry Heaving Borborygmi With Diarrhea Lack Of Appetite Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Gastritis
| Pattern Name | Relevant Symptoms | Relevant Formulas |
|---|---|---|
| Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs | Epigastric focal distention, Coughing, Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Stifling sensation in the chest, Sputum, Feeling of heat, Thirst, Head and body heaviness, Dizziness, Copious thick yellow sputum... see more | Xiao Xian Xiong Tang |
| Phlegm-Heat in the Middle Burner | Epigastric focal distention, Upper abdominal focal distention, Abdominal fullness, Dry heaving, Borborygmi with diarrhea, Lack of appetite, Peptic ulcer, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Gastritis, Chronic cholecystitis, Colitis... see more | Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang |
Qi Deficiency
Qi Deficiency in TCM is like running low on battery power. Qi is the vital energy that powers every function in your body. When there's a Qi Deficiency, it means your body doesn't have enough of this essential energy. This can make you feel tired all the time, weak, or even cause shortness of breath. It's similar to how you feel when you haven't had enough sleep or nutritious food. Your body just doesn't have the energy it needs to perform at its best. Unlike modern medicine, which often focuses on specific physical causes for fatigue and weakness, TCM views Qi Deficiency as an overall energy depletion that affects your entire well-being, and it seeks to replenish and balance this vital energy.... see more
Qi Deficiency Patterns That Can Lead to Upper Abdominal Focal Distention
| Pattern Name | Relevant Symptoms | Relevant Formulas |
|---|---|---|
| Stomach Qi Deficiency with Phelgm | Hard epigastric focal distention, Persistent belching, Hiccups, Vomit, Nausea or vomiting, Upper abdominal focal distention, Chronic gastritis, Stomach prolapse, Stomach dilation, Peptic ulcer, Chronic hepatitis... see more | Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang |
Dampness
"Dampness" in TCM is a concept that describes a pattern of disharmony where the body accumulates excess moisture. Imagine the heavy, sticky feeling you get on a very humid day; that's similar to what dampness feels like internally. It can manifest as a sense of heaviness, bloating, sluggishness, or even a foggy mind. This condition is often thought to arise from environmental factors like living in a damp place, dietary habits that promote moisture in the body, or internal imbalances that hinder the body's ability to process fluids properly. In TCM, dampness can obstruct the normal flow of energy and fluids in the body, leading to various symptoms.... see more
Dampness Patterns That Can Lead to Upper Abdominal Focal Distention
| Pattern Name | Relevant Symptoms | Relevant Formulas |
|---|---|---|
| Damp-Phlegm | Epigastric focal distention, Profuse white sputum, Focal distention of the chest, Upper abdominal focal distention, Nausea, Sticky taste in the mouth, Absence of thirst, Obesity, Swollen limbs, Abdominal fat... see more | Er Chen Tang | Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang | Shen Qi Wan |
Stomach
In TCM the Stomach is regarded as the "sea of nourishment," pivotal for digesting food and transforming it into Qi and blood. It works closely with the Spleen to distribute these essential nutrients throughout the body. When the Stomach is out of balance or malfunctions in TCM, it often leads to digestive problems such as bloating, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, or a feeling of fullness. There may also be issues like acid reflux or a sour taste in the mouth. Emotionally, an imbalanced Stomach can contribute to excessive worry and overthinking, reflecting the TCM belief that physical and emotional well-being are deeply interconnected.... see more
Stomach Patterns That Can Lead to Upper Abdominal Focal Distention
Common Symptoms: Peptic Ulcer Abdominal Fullness Dry Heaving Borborygmi With Diarrhea Lack Of Appetite Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Gastritis Chronic Cholecystitis
| Pattern Name | Relevant Symptoms | Relevant Formulas |
|---|---|---|
| Phlegm-Heat in the Middle Burner | Epigastric focal distention, Upper abdominal focal distention, Abdominal fullness, Dry heaving, Borborygmi with diarrhea, Lack of appetite, Peptic ulcer, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Gastritis, Chronic cholecystitis, Colitis... see more | Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang |
| Stomach Qi Deficiency with Phelgm | Hard epigastric focal distention, Persistent belching, Hiccups, Vomit, Nausea or vomiting, Upper abdominal focal distention, Chronic gastritis, Stomach prolapse, Stomach dilation, Peptic ulcer, Chronic hepatitis... see more | Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang |
Lung
In TCM the Lungs are seen as the organ responsible for controlling Qi and respiration, as well as being a key part of the body's defensive system. They are thought to maintain the balance and flow of air and moisture, and are closely linked to the skin and hair. When the Lungs are imbalanced or malfunctioning in TCM, it can lead to respiratory issues like coughing or asthma, a weakened immune system, dry skin, and emotional disturbances such as sadness or grief. These symptoms are believed to arise from disruptions in the Lungs' ability to regulate Qi and protect the body, highlighting their central role in maintaining overall health and well-being.... see more
Lung Patterns That Can Lead to Upper Abdominal Focal Distention
| Pattern Name | Relevant Symptoms | Relevant Formulas |
|---|---|---|
| Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs | Epigastric focal distention, Coughing, Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Stifling sensation in the chest, Sputum, Feeling of heat, Thirst, Head and body heaviness, Dizziness, Copious thick yellow sputum... see more | Xiao Xian Xiong Tang |
TCM Herbal Formulas for Upper Abdominal Focal Distention
To address the complexities of upper abdominal focal distention, TCM practitioners may turn to specific herbal formulas tailored to the diagnosed pattern. For cases rooted in Damp-Phlegm, the formula Er Chen Tang, which includes Crow-Dipper Rhizomes (Ban Xia), is commonly used to dry Dampness and transform Phlegm.
When Phlegm-Heat is identified, particularly within the Lungs or Middle Burner, formulas such as Xiao Xian Xiong Tang are prescribed to clear Heat and resolve Phlegm, aiming to alleviate the focal distention and restore balance to the body’s internal environment.
Explore below some TCM herbal formulas used to address upper abdominal focal distention, organized by cause and by formula type.
- By Cause
- By Formula Type
- Phlegm
- Heat
- Qi Deficiency
- Dampness
- View More Causes
- Formulas that harmonize stomach-Intestines
- Formulas that dry dampness and transform phlegm
- Formulas that dispel phlegm
- Formulas that warm yang and tonify
- Formulas that clear heat and transform phlegm
- Formulas for a rebellious qi
- Formulas that drive out excess water
Top Formula for Phlegm:
Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang
Suitable for Phlegm patterns that may cause upper abdominal focal distention, such as Phlegm-Heat in the Middle Burner
Learn moreAll Formulas Recommended for Upper Abdominal Focal Distention Caused by Phlegm
| Formula | Patterns Suitable For |
|---|---|
| Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang | Phlegm-Heat in the Middle Burner |
| Er Chen Tang | Damp-Phlegm |
| Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang | Damp-Phlegm |
| Shen Qi Wan | Damp-Phlegm |
| Xiao Xian Xiong Tang | Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs |
| Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang | Stomach Qi Deficiency with Phelgm |
| Shi Zao Tang | Phlegm-Fluids in the chest and hypochondrium |
Top Formula for Heat:
Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang
Suitable for Heat patterns that may cause upper abdominal focal distention, such as Phlegm-Heat in the Middle Burner
Learn moreAll Formulas Recommended for Upper Abdominal Focal Distention Caused by Heat
| Formula | Patterns Suitable For |
|---|---|
| Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang | Phlegm-Heat in the Middle Burner |
| Xiao Xian Xiong Tang | Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs |
Top Formula for Qi Deficiency:
Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang
Suitable for Qi Deficiency patterns that may cause upper abdominal focal distention, such as Stomach Qi Deficiency with Phelgm
Learn more
Top Formula for Dampness:
Er Chen Tang
Suitable for Dampness patterns that may cause upper abdominal focal distention, such as Damp-Phlegm
Learn moreAll Formulas Recommended for Upper Abdominal Focal Distention Caused by Dampness
| Formula | Patterns Suitable For |
|---|---|
| Er Chen Tang | Damp-Phlegm |
| Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang | Damp-Phlegm |
| Shen Qi Wan | Damp-Phlegm |
Formulas that harmonize Stomach-Intestines
These formulas are suitable for some upper abdominal focal distention-causing patterns like Phlegm-Heat in the Middle Burner.
One such formula is Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang, with goldthread rhizome as a key herb.
Formulas that dry Dampness and transform Phlegm
These formulas are suitable for some upper abdominal focal distention-causing patterns like Damp-Phlegm.
One such formula is Er Chen Tang, with crow-dipper rhizome as a key herb.
Formulas that dispel Phlegm
These formulas are suitable for some upper abdominal focal distention-causing patterns like Damp-Phlegm.
One such formula is Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang, with ginseng as a key herb.
Formulas that warm Yang and tonify
These formulas are suitable for some upper abdominal focal distention-causing patterns like Damp-Phlegm.
One such formula is Shen Qi Wan, with prepared aconite as a key herb.
Formulas that clear Heat and transform Phlegm
These formulas are suitable for some upper abdominal focal distention-causing patterns like Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs.
One such formula is Xiao Xian Xiong Tang, with snake gourd as a key herb.
Formulas for a rebellious Qi
These formulas are suitable for some upper abdominal focal distention-causing patterns like Stomach Qi Deficiency with Phelgm.
One such formula is Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang, with inula flower as a key herb.
Formulas that drive out excess water
These formulas are suitable for some upper abdominal focal distention-causing patterns like Phlegm-Fluids in the chest and hypochondrium.
One such formula is Shi Zao Tang, with kansui root as a key herb.
TCM Herbs for Upper Abdominal Focal Distention
Explore below some TCM herbs used to address upper abdominal focal distention, organized by herb category.
- By Herb Category
- Warm herbs that transform phlegm and stop cough
- Cathartic herbs that drain downward
- Herbs that clear heat and dry dampness
- Herbs that regulate qi
- Tonic herbs for qi deficiency
- Herbs that warm the interior and/or expel cold
- Warm/Acrid herbs that release the exterior
- Cool herbs that transform phlegm and stop cough
- Laxative herbs that drain downward
Warm herbs that transform Phlegm and stop Cough
Upper abdominal focal distention can be treated by these herbs when it results from phlegm due to cold deficiency, aiming to warm the lungs and dissolve phlegm accumulation.
One such herb is Crow-Dipper Rhizomes (Ban Xia), a key herb in some formulas recommended for upper abdominal focal distention, like Er Chen Tang.
Other herbs of this category are listed in the table below.
"Warm herbs that transform Phlegm and stop Cough" recommended for upper abdominal focal distention
| Herb | Formulas they belong to (if applicable) |
|---|---|
| Crow-Dipper Rhizomes (Ban Xia) | Er Chen Tang |
| Inula Flowers (Xuan Fu Hua) | Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang |
Cathartic herbs that drain downward
Upper abdominal focal distention can be treated by these herbs when due to excess accumulation in the intestines and stomach, aiding in eliminating waste and toxins through purgation.
One such herb is Kansui Roots (Gan Sui), a key herb in some formulas recommended for upper abdominal focal distention, like Shi Zao Tang.
Other herbs of this category are listed in the table below.
"Cathartic herbs that drain downward" recommended for upper abdominal focal distention
| Herb | Formulas they belong to (if applicable) |
|---|---|
| Kansui Roots (Gan Sui) | Shi Zao Tang |
| Genkwa Flowers (Yuan Hua) | Shi Zao Tang |
Herbs that clear Heat and dry Dampness
Upper abdominal focal distention can be treated by these herbs when caused by excessive dampness and heat within the body, aiming to restore balance by drying dampness and clearing heat.
One such herb is Goldthread Rhizomes (Huang Lian), a key herb in some formulas recommended for upper abdominal focal distention, like Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang.
Herbs that regulate Qi
Upper abdominal focal distention can be treated by these herbs when resulting from Qi stagnation or imbalance, helping to promote the smooth flow of Qi in the body.
One such herb is Tangerine Peel (Chen Pi), a key herb in some formulas recommended for upper abdominal focal distention, like Er Chen Tang.
Tonic herbs for Qi Deficiency
Upper abdominal focal distention can be treated by these herbs when stemming from a lack of vital energy or Qi, helping to boost energy and overall vitality.
One such herb is Ginseng (Ren Shen), a key herb in some formulas recommended for upper abdominal focal distention, like Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang.
Herbs that warm the Interior and/or expel Cold
Upper abdominal focal distention can be treated by these herbs if it is due to internal coldness or deficient Yang energy, working to warm the body and dispel cold.
One such herb is Prepared Aconite (Zhi Fu Zi), a key herb in some formulas recommended for upper abdominal focal distention, like Shen Qi Wan.
Warm/Acrid herbs that release the Exterior
Upper abdominal focal distention can be treated by these herbs when there is a need to dispel external cold and warm the body, especially in cases where there is insufficient Yang energy internally.
One such herb is Cinnamon Twigs (Gui Zhi), a key herb in some formulas recommended for upper abdominal focal distention, like Shen Qi Wan.
Cool herbs that transform Phlegm and stop Cough
Upper abdominal focal distention can be treated by these herbs when it is related to heat-phlegm accumulation, aiding in dissolving phlegm and soothing the respiratory system.
One such herb is Snake Gourds (Gua Lou), a key herb in some formulas recommended for upper abdominal focal distention, like Xiao Xian Xiong Tang.
Laxative herbs that drain downward
Upper abdominal focal distention can be treated by these herbs when there's a need for a milder form of bowel movement to alleviate constipation and regulate digestion.
One such herb is Peking Spurge Roots (Jing Da Ji), a key herb in some formulas recommended for upper abdominal focal distention, like Shi Zao Tang.